CLASSIFICATION OF ACIDS ON THE BASIS OF THEIR SOURCES ORGANIC ACID AND MINERAL ACID. DRAW THE TABLE OF SOURCES OF ORGANIC ACID.
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Chemistry > Acids, Bases and Salts > Introduction to Acids
Acids, Bases and Salts
Introduction to Acids
Ever wondered why lemon tastes so sour? Or why milk gets spoiled if you mix it with lime juice. It is because of the acids present in it. Acids and Bases are one of the important topics of chemistry, Let’s find out more about them.
What are Acids?
pH scales
Acids are a molecule or other species which can donate a proton or accept an electron pair in reactions. The word “acid” is derived from the Latin word “acidus” which means sour. All acid elements have a few things in common i.e all are sour in taste, they turn blue litmus paper to red, and lose their acidity if they’re combined with alkaline substances. The pH level of acids ranges from 0 – 6.
Some common examples of acids are Citrus fruits such as lemons, limes, oranges, grapefruit, etc. All these fruits contain citric acid. Hence, they taste sour or tart. Citric acid is a weak acid but still, it produces hydrogen ions when mixed with water and that’s why the pH of lemon juice is 2. Another example of an acid is vinegar. Vinegar consists of acetic acid. Ever wondered why your skin becomes red and swollen after an ant bite or a mosquito bite? Because these insects inject formic acid which causes such skin reactions. Nitric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, etc. are other common ones.
Properties of Acids
The properties of Acids are as follows;
Acids change the color of blue litmus to red
They change the color of Methyl Orange/Yellow to Pink
Acidic substances converts Phenolphthalein from deep pink to colorless
Are sour or tart in taste
The pH level of acids range from 0-6
Acids lose their acidity when combined with alkalines
They destroy the chemical property of bases
When reacting with metals they produce hydrogen gas
Acids produce carbon dioxide when reacted with carbonates.
Most acids are corrosive in nature which means that they tend to corrode or rust metals.
Learn more about the Properties of Bases here.
Download Introduction to Acids Cheat Sheet PDF
Classification of Acids
Acids are often classified on the basis of source, the presence of oxygen, strength, concentration and basicity.
Classification based on the source
This means that the acid is classified on the basis of their source or origin. They are mainly of two types: Organic acid and Mineral acid.
Organic Acid: This is the acid obtained from organic materials such as plants and animals. For e.g. Citric acid (Citrus fruits), Acetic acid (Vinegar), Oleic acid (Olive oil), etc.
Mineral Acid: Mineral acid is procured from minerals. They are also known as inorganic acids. They do not contain carbon. For e.g. H2SO4, HCl. HNO3, etc.
Classification based on the presence of Oxygen
This means that the acids are classified on the basis of the presence of oxygen. These are of two types: Oxy-acid and Hydracids.
Oxy-acid: Acids that consist oxygen in their composition is known as Oxy-acids. For e.g. H2SO4, HNO3, etc.
Hydracid: Those that consist hydrogen combined with other elements and do not contain any oxygen in their composition and do not contain any oxygen in their composition are called Hydracids. For e.g. HCl, HI, HBr, etc.
Classification based on the Strength of the acid
Acids produce hydrogen ions when mixed with H2O, the strength of an acid depends on its concentration of the hydrogen ions present in a solution. A greater number of hydrogen ions means greater strength of the acid whereas, lower number of hydrogen ions means that the acid is weak. They are classified as :
Answer:
Explanation:
Organic Acid: This is the acid obtained from organic materials such as plants and animals. For e.g. Citric acid (Citrus fruits), Acetic acid (Vinegar), Oleic acid (Olive oil), etc.
Mineral Acid: Mineral acid is procured from minerals. They are also known as inorganic acids. They do not contain carbon. For e.g. H2SO4, HCl. HNO3, etc.
Classification based on the presence of Oxygen
This means that the acids are classified on the basis of the presence of oxygen. These are of two types: Oxy-acid and Hydracids.
Oxy-acid: Acids that consist oxygen in their composition is known as Oxy-acids.
Hydracid: Those that consist hydrogen combined with other elements and do not contain any oxygen in their composition and do not contain any oxygen in their composition are called Hydracids.
Classification based on the Strength of the acid
Acids produce hydrogen ions when mixed with H2O, the strength of an acid depends on its concentration of the hydrogen ions present in a solution. A greater number of hydrogen ions means greater strength of the acid whereas, lower number of hydrogen ions means that the acid is weak.