Classifies the microorganisms in to bacteria,algac,fungi, protozoa ,microsrthropods
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Answer:
Bacteria and Archaea are prokaryotes (“pro” = before, “karyote” = nucleus). They are single cells (unicellular) with a circular DNA genome that floats around in the cytoplasm. Many prokaryotes have one or more smaller circles of DNA called plasmids that carry additional genes. Bacteria and archaea have a very similar cell structure . They do not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles. Some prokaryotes have tail-like structures called flagella, which they use to swim through liquid, or fimbriae which enable them to stick to surfaces.
Bacterial cells are mostly circular (coccus, plural cocci) or rod-shaped (bacillus, plural bacilli), but a few have spiral or corkscrew shapes. Another defining features is the use of peptidoglycan as a component of their cell walls. You almost certainly have millions of Escherichia coli bacteria in your lower intestine. Most strains of E. coli are harmless, but a few can cause serious food poisoning that can be fatal.
Archaea look similar in size and structure to bacteria but come in a wider variety of cell shapes. Many archaea live in hostile environments, some interact with other organisms, but no archaea are known to cause disease. Unlike bacteria, they do not have peptidoglycan in their cell walls. Many archaea live in extreme environments, including Haloquadratum which has ultra-thin (0.25 u μm), square-shaped cells. It is found all over the world in salt lakes that are up to ten times saltier than sea water due to evaporation; so salty in fact, it would kill you if you were to drink it!
Fungi exist as either single cells (yeasts) or as multicellular organisms formed of thin, branching tubular structures called hyphae. Some fungi are able to switch between these two forms (they are dimorphic) in response to environmental conditions eg temperature
One of the defining features of fungi is that their cell walls contain chitin. Arthropods such as crustaceans (crabs, lobsters, shrimp) and insects use chitin to form their exoskeleton – think of how tough a beetle is and you can see how this polymer provides structural support to fungal cells.