Question

classify plants according to their water requirement

Answer 1

Taxonomists, at least in the traditional Linnaeus method for classifying plants, separate the plantae kingdom into four major groups, or divisions, including: mosses and liverworts, which have no proper root systems; ferns, which have proper roots and produce spores (specialized reproductive cells rather than ...

Answer 2

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◆The living organisms react with their environments and they bear full impression of the environments in which they grow◆

◆In order to withstand adverse conditions of the environment and utilize to their maximum benefit the nutrients and other conditions prevailing therein, the organisms develop certain morphological, anatomical, physiological and reproductive features◆

◆Any feature of an organism or its part which enables it to exist under conditions of its habitat is called adaptation. Every organism develops certain adaptations and so does the population or a community. The completion of life cycle of an organism or stabilization of a community results through a series of adaptations which have survival value◆

◆Adaptations of survival value comprise such features as prevent destruction of vital vegetative tissues and help in large production and efficient dissemination of reproductive bodies. Warming (1895) had realized for the first time the influence of controlling or limiting factors upon the vegetation in ecology. He classified plants into several ecological groups on the basis of their requirements of water and also on the basis of nature of substratum on which they grow◆

◆Warming classified plants on the basis of nature of substratum (soil) into the following groups◆

(1) Plants of acidic soil (Oxylophytes)

(2) Plants of saline soil (Halophytes)
(3) Plants growing on the sand (Psammophytes)

(4) Plants growing on the surface of rocks (Lithophytes)

(5) Plants growing in the crevices of rocks (Chasmophytes).

Epiphytes are not included in the above classification because of the fact that they do not have permanent connection with the soil. Warming’s second classification (1909) of the plants is based on their water relations. The supply of water to the plants and regulation of transpiration are the factors that evoke great differences in plant forms and plant life.

◆On the basis of their water requirement and nature of soils, the plants have been classified as follows:

1. Hydrophytes:

Plants growing in or near water.

2. Xerophytes:


Classification of Hydrophytes:

According to their relation to water and air, the hydrophytes are grouped into the following categories:

(a) Submerged hydrophytes

(b) Floating hydrophytes

(c) Amphibious hydrophytes.

(a) Submerged hydrophytes:

Plants which grow below the water surface and are not in contact with atmosphere are called submerged hydrophytes. Such plants may be free-floating (Fig 8.1) or rooted (Fig. 8.2). Example Vallisneria, Hydrilla, Potamogeton, Najas. Ceratophyllum Mynophyllum, Utricularia, Chara, Nitella and a number of aquatic microbes.

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