Question

classify the folllowing as acidic basic or neutral salt NACL, KNO3,ALCL3,ZNSO4,CUSO4,CH3,COONA,NAHCO3,NA2,CO3

Answer 1

Hello,

Acidic salts - AlCl3, ZnSO4, CuSO4
Basic salts - CH3COONa, NaHCO3, Na2CO3
Neutral salts - NaCl, KNO3

<Hope it helps>
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Answer 2

What are salts ?

Salts are ionic compounds, consisting of a +vely charged cation and a -vely charged anion, which ionize in water to release the same.

How are salts formed ?

1. By reaction of an acid and base
2. By reaction of a metal with acids
3. By reaction of metallic oxides with acids
4. By reaction of few metals with bases
5. By reaction of non-metallic oxides with bases
6. By reaction of metal carbonates/bicarbonates with acids etc.

Difference between Strong & Weak Acids/Bases

Strong acids/bases are those acids which ionize to a large extent in water to release a large number of H⁺/OH⁻ ions.

Weak acids/bases are those acids which don't ionize to a large extent in water and release few H⁺/OH⁻ ions.

Are all Salts neutral ?

No. All salts are not neutral.

1. If a strong acid and a strong base react, a neutral salt if formed.
2. If a strong acid and weak base react, an acidic salt is formed.
3. If a weak acid and a strong base react, a basic salt if formed.

Formation of Salts by Reaction of An Acid and Base

Acid + Base ------------>  Salt + Water

Case #1: Reaction of a Strong Acid and Strong Base (Formation of a neutral salt)

HCl + NaOH -----------> NaCl + H₂O

Case #2: Reaction of a strong acid and weak base (Formation of an acidic salt)

2HCl + Mg(OH)₂ ------------> MgCl₂ + 2H₂O

Case #3: Reaction of a weak acid and a strong base (Formation of a basic salt)

CH₃COOH + NaOH -----------> CH₃COO⁻Na⁺ + H₂O

How to identify any salt as Acidic, Neutral or Basic Salt ?

To identify a salt as acidic, neutral or basic salt,

1. First, Separate the ions from the salt.

Eg. In NaCl, the iona are Na⁺ and Cl⁻; in MgCl₂, the ions are Mg²⁺ and Cl⁻.

2. Now, from the +vely charged cation, identify the base and from the -vely charged anion, identify the acid.

Eg. Base from Na⁺ = NaOH and Acid from Cl⁻ = HCl

Base from Mg²⁺ = Mg(OH)₂ and Acid from Cl⁻ = HCl

3. Now, check the strength of the acid and base and use the three cases to identify the nature of the salt.

Eg. NaOH and HCl both are strong. So, NaCl is neutral.

Mg(OH)₂ is a weak base but HCl is an strong acid. So, MgCl₂ is an acidic salt.

Why is the base identified from the cation and acid from anion ?

This is because acids contain H⁺ ions, which can combine only with -vely charged anions whereas bases contain OH⁻ ions, which can combine only with +vely charged cations.

Classifying the given salts:

1. NaCl is neutral as discussed above.

_____________________

2. KNO₃:

Here, the ions are K⁺ and NO₃⁻.

So, the acid is HNO₃ and base is KOH.

Both the acid and base are strong.

So, KNO₃ is neutral.

_____________________

3. AlCl₃

Ions: Al³⁺ and Cl⁻

Acid: HCl (Strong)

Base: Al(OH)₃ (weak)

∴ AlCl₃ is acidic.

_____________________

4. ZnSO₄

Ions: Zn²⁺ and SO₄²⁻

Acid: H₂SO₄ (strong)

Base: Zn(OH)₂ (weak)

So, ZnSO₄ is acidic.

_____________________

5. CuSO₄

Ions: Cu²⁺, SO₄²⁻

Acid: H₂SO₄ (strong)

Base: Cu(OH)₂ (weak)

∴ CuSO₄ is acidic.

_____________________

6. CH₃COONa

Ions: CH₃COO⁻, Na⁺

Acid: CH₃COOH (weak)

Base: NaOH (strong)

So, CH₃COONa is a basic salt.

_____________________

7. NaHCO₃

Ions: Na⁺, HCO₃⁻

Acid: H₂CO₃ (weak)

Base: NaOH (strong)

So, NaHCO₃ is basic.

_____________________

8. Na₂CO₃

Ions: Na⁺, CO₃²⁻

Acid: H₂CO₃ (weak)

Base: NaOH (strong)

So, Na₂CO₃ is also a basic salt.