Classify the following . ( 1 ) Classify the following industries into Small Industry , Medium Industry and Heavy Industr Manufacturing Cement , Fruit processing , Paper making , Manufacturing Iron and Steel , Earthe pot making , Furniture making , Candle making , Jaggery making , Papad making , Manufacturin Railway Engines . Agarbatti making , Producing Sugar , Ans . Small Industry Medium Industry Heavy Industry
Answers
Answer:
Explain the terms manufacturing and industry with examples.
Ans: Manufacturing: Production of goods in large quantities after processing from raw material to more valuable products is called "Manufacturing". For e.g. Cotton into cloth, Sugarcane into sugar, etc.
Industry: Industry refers to an economic activity that is concerned with the production of goods, extraction of minerals or the provision of services. For e.g. Textile (Manufacturing), Mining (Extraction of minerals) and Tourism (Service Provider).
Q2. What is the industrial system? Explain the different aspects of industrial system with examples?
Ans: The functioning of an industry depends on a system, known as the industrial system. An industrial system consists of inputs, process and outputs.
For e.g. Cotton Textile Industry:
Input: Cotton as raw materials, labour, costs of land, transport, power and other infrastructure.
Process: Ginning, Spinning, Weaving, Dyeing, Printing, etc.
Output: Cloth or garments wear.
Q3. What are the inputs, processes and outputs of the iron and steel industry?
Ans: Following are the inputs, processes and outputs of the iron and steel industry:
Inputs: Iron ore, Coal, Limestone, Manganese, Labour, Capital, Cite and other Infrastructure.
Process: Converting iron ore into steel involves many stages. The raw material is put in the blast furnace where it undergoes smelting and then it is refined.
Output: Iron and Steel is obtained which is used by other industries as raw material.
Long Answer Questions
Q4. Classify industries on the basis of raw material used, their size and ownership with examples.
Ans: Industries are broadly classification into three types (i.e. On the basis of Raw Materials, On the basis of Size and On the basis of Ownership).
1. On the basis of Raw Materials: These types of industries are classified depending on the type of raw materials they use.
(a) Agro Based Industries: Use plant and animal based products as their raw materials. E.g. Food processing, vegetable oil, cotton textile, dairy products, etc.
(b) Mineral Based Industries: Primary industries that use mineral ores as their raw materials. The products of these industries feed other industries. Iron made from iron ore is the product of mineral based industry. E.g. Iron & Steel, Cement, Machine, Tools, etc.
(c) Pastoral Based Industries: Use raw material's from animals like, Sheep, goat, etc. These industries use skin, bones, flesh, etc. E.g. Dairy product industries, Leather industries, etc.
(d) Marine Based Industries: Use products from the sea and oceans as raw materials. E.g. processed sea food, fish oil manufacturers, etc.
(e) Forest Based Industries: Use forest produce as raw materials. E.g. pulp & paper, furniture. Pharmaceuticals, etc.
2. On the basis of Size: These types of industries are classified depending on the amount of capital invested, number of people employed and the volume of production.
(a) Large Scale Industries: In India, on an industry, if the capital invested is more than 1 crore, then it is called Large Scale Industry. E.g. Iron & Steel Industries, Automobile Industries, etc.
(b) Small Scale Industries: In India, on an industry, if the capital invested is less than 1 crore, then it is called Small Scale Industry. E.g. Silk weaving, Food processing industries, etc.
(c) Cottage or Household Industries: These are a type of small scale industry where the products are manufactured by hand, by the artisans with the help of family members. E.g. Basket weaving, pottery, handicrafts, etc.
3. On the basis of Ownership: These types of industries are classified on the basis of ownership.
(a) Private Sector Industries: Owned and operated by individuals or a group of individuals. E.g. Bajaj Auto, Reliance, etc.
(b) Public Sector Industries: Owned and operated by the government. E.g. Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), Bharat Heavy Electronics Ltd. (BHEL), SAIL, etc.
(c) Joint Sector Industries: Owned and operated by the state and individuals or a group of individuals. E.g. Indian Oil, Maruti Udyog Ltd., etc.
(d) Co-operative Sector Industries: Owned and operated by the producers or suppliers of raw materials, workers or both. E.g. IFFCO, Anand Milk Union Limited (AMUL) and Sudha Dairy, etc.
(e) Multinational Corporations: Setup in collaboration with foreign investors. Owned and managed by members of two or more countries. E.g. Coca Cola, Maruti Udyog Ltd., etc.
Q5. Explain the factors which influence the location of industries.
Ans: Factors that influence the location of any industry are:
(a) Physical Factors: Land, Water, Raw Material, etc.
(b) Human Factors: Capital, Power, Labour, Government Policies, Market, Technology, Transportation, Communication, etc.