classify the hydrides based on nature of bonding
Answers
Answer:
These substances have been classified into three main types according to the nature of their bonding: Ionic hydrides, which have significant ionic bonding character. Covalent hydrides, which include the hydrocarbons and many other compounds which covalently bond to hydrogen atoms.
Explanation:
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Compounds of hydrogen with less electronegative elements are known as hydrides. So when hydrogen reacts with any other element the product formed is considered to be a hydride. If we closely observe the periodic table hydrides formation is not seen from VA group elements and this condition is known as hydride gap. Hydrogen molecule usually reacts with many elements except noble gases to form hydrides. However, the properties may vary depending on the type of intermolecular force that exists between the elements, its molecular masses, temperature, and other factors.
Types of Hydrides
Hydrides are mainly divided into three major types or groups. The categories are decided based on what elements the hydrogen forms bonds with or simply on the basis of chemical bonding. The three types of hydrides are ionic, covalent, and metallic hydrides. We will learn about them in detail below.
Ionic or Saline Hydrides
They are formed when hydrogen molecule reacts with highly electropositive s-block elements (Alkali Metals and Alkaline Earth Metals). In solid-state, the ionic hydrides are crystalline, non-conducting and non-volatile. However, in a liquid state, they conduct electricity. Ionic hydrides on electrolysis liberate hydrogen gas at the anode. Saline or ionic hydrides does not dissolve in conventional solvents and they are mostly used as bases or reducing reagents in organic synthesis.
Example of Ionic Hydrides: Nah, KH, CaH2, etc. These contain hydrogen as the negatively charged (H–) ion.
Covalent Hydrides
Covalent hydrides are formed when hydrogen reacts with other similar electronegative elements like Si, C, etc. The most common examples are CH4 and NH3. In general, compounds that are formed when hydrogen is reacted with non-metals are called covalent hydrides. The compound shares a covalent bond and are either volatile or non-volatile compounds. Covalent hydrides are also either liquids or gases.
Example of Covalent Hydrides: SiH4 (silane)
Metallic Hydrides
A hydrogen compound that forms a bond with another metal element is classified as a metal hydride. The bond is mostly covalent type but sometimes the hydrides are formed with ionic bonds. These are usually formed by transition metals and are mostly non-stoichiometric, hard, high melting and boiling points.
Example of Metallic Hydrides: TiH aluminium, cadmium, magnesium, etc.
Metal hydrides are also known as interstitial hydrides. They are formed when hydrogen molecule reacts with the d- and f-block elements. Metals of group 7, 8, and 9 do not form hydrides. They do conduct heat and electricity but not to the extent of their parent metals.
Uses of Hydride
They are used as reducing agents in many chemical industries.
Hydrides are highly significant in battery storage technologies such as nickel hydride batteries.
They are used as drying agents.
They are used as strong bases in organic synthesis.
Metal hydrides are also used for their heat storage, hydrogen storage and compressors capabilities.
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