Question

classify the living organisms on the basis of habitat and mode of reproduction​

Answer 1

Explanation:

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Answer 2

Explanation:

In Linnaeus' time a Two Kingdom system of classification with

Plantae and Animalia kingdoms was developed that included all plants

and animals respectively. This system was used till very recently. This

system did not distinguish between the eukaryotes and prokaryotes,

unicellular and multicellular organisms and photosynthetic (green algae)

and non-photosynthetic (fungi) organisms. Classification of organisms

into plants and animals was easily done and was easy to understand,

but, a large number of organisms did not fall into either category. Hence

the two kingdom classification used for a long time was found inadequate.

A need was also felt for including, besides gross morphology, other

characteristics like cell structure, nature of wall, mode of nutrition, habitat,

methods of reproduction, evolutionary relationships, etc. Classification

systems for the living organisms have hence, undergone several changes

over time. Though plant and animal kingdoms have been a constant

under all different systems, the understanding of what groups/organisms

be included under these kingdoms have been changing; the number and

nature of other kingdoms have also been understood differently by

different scientists over time.Bacteria are the sole members of the Kingdom Monera. They are the most

abundant micro-organisms. Bacteria occur almost everywhere. Hundreds

of bacteria are present in a handful of soil. They also live in extreme habitats

such as hot springs, deserts, snow and deep oceans where very few other

life forms can survive. Many of them live in or on other organisms as

parasites.

Bacteria are grouped under four categories based on their shape: the

spherical Coccus (pl.: cocci), the rod-shaped Bacillus (pl.: bacilli), the

comma-shaped Vibrium

2.1.1 Archaebacteria

These bacteria are special since they live in some of the most harsh habitats

such as extreme salty areas (halophiles), hot springs (thermoacidophiles)

and marshy areas (methanogens). Archaebacteria differ from other bacteria

in having a different cell wall structure and this feature is responsible for

their survival in extreme conditions. Methanogens are present in the gut

of several ruminant animals such as cows and buffaloes and they are

responsible for the production of methane (biogas) from the dung of these

animals.

Figure 2.2 A filamentous blue-green

algae – Nostoc

2.1.2 Eubacteria

There are thousands of different eubacteria or ‘true

bacteria’. They are characterised by the presence of a

rigid cell wall, and if motile, a flagellum. The

cyanobacteria (also referred to as blue-green algae)

have chlorophyll a similar to green plants and are

photosynthetic autotrophs (Figure 2.2). The

cyanobacteria are unicellular, colonial or filamentous,

freshwater/marine or terrestrial algae. The colonies

are generally surrounded by gelatinous sheath. They

often form blooms in polluted water bodies. Some of

these organisms can fix atmospheric nitrogen in

specialised cells called heterocysts, e.g., Nostoc and

Anabaena. Chemosynthetic autotrophic bacteria

oxidise various inorganic substances such as

nitrates, nitrites and ammonia and use the released

energy for their ATP production. They play a great role

in recycling nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorous,

iron and sulphur.

Heterotrophic bacteria are the most abundant

in nature. The majority are important decomposers.

Many of them have a significant impact on human

affairs. They are helpful in making curd from milk,

production of antibiotics, fixing nitrogen