Question

Cleaning effect of detergent and soap

Answer 1

Detergents, soaps and surface tension. A fine insoluble powder, such as talcum powder , is sprinkled on a clean water surface in a beaker, a drop of detergent  or soap solution added to the centre, and the effect observed as the surface tension of the water is changed.

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Answer 2

A number of fats and oils are heated and mixed with a liquid alkali to produce soap and water (neat soap) plus glycerine. Fats and oils are hydrolyzed with a high-pressure steam to get crude fatty acids and glycerine. The fatty acids are purified by distillation and neutralized with an alkali to produce soap.