Question

cleansing action of soap​

Answer 1

The cleansing action of both soaps and detergents results from their ability to lower the surface tension of water, to emulsify oil or grease and to hold them in a suspension in water. This ability is due to the structure of soaps and detergents. In water, a sodium soap dissolves to form soap anions and sodium cations.

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Answer 2

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ᴡʜᴇɴ sᴏᴀᴘ ɪs ᴅɪssᴏʟᴠᴇᴅ ɪɴ ᴡᴀᴛᴇʀ,ɪᴛ ғᴏʀᴍs ᴀ ᴄᴏʟʟɪᴅᴀʟ sᴜsᴘᴇɴsɪᴏɴ ɪɴ ᴡᴀᴛᴇʀ ɪɴ ᴡʜɪcʜ ᴛʜᴇ sᴏᴀᴘ ᴍᴏʟᴇᴄᴜʟᴇs ᴄʟᴜsᴛᴇʀ ᴛᴏɢᴇᴛʜᴇʀ ᴛᴏ ғᴏʀᴍ sᴘʜᴇʀɪᴄᴀʟ ᴍɪᴄᴇʟʟᴇs.ɪɴ ᴀ sᴏᴀᴘ ᴍɪᴄᴇʟʟᴇ,sᴏᴀᴘ ᴍᴏʟᴇᴄᴜʟᴇs ᴀʀᴇ ᴀʀʀᴀɴɢᴇᴅ ʀᴀᴅɪᴀʟʟʏ ᴡɪᴛʜ ʜʏᴅʀᴏᴄᴀʀʙᴏɴ ᴇɴᴅs ᴅɪʀᴇᴄᴛᴇᴅ ᴛᴏᴡᴀʀᴅs ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴇɴᴛʀᴇ ᴀɴᴅ ɪᴏɴɪᴄ ᴇɴᴅs ᴅɪʀᴇᴄᴛᴇᴅ ᴏᴜᴛᴡᴀʀᴅs.(ᴛʜᴇ ɪᴏɴɪᴄ ᴇɴᴅs ᴀʀᴇ ᴅɪʀᴇᴄᴛᴇᴅ ᴏᴜᴛᴡᴀʀᴅs ʙᴇᴄᴀᴜsᴇ ɴᴇɢᴀᴛɪᴠᴇ ᴄʜᴀʀɢᴇs ᴀᴛ ᴛʜᴇ ᴇɴᴅ ʀᴇᴘᴇʟ ᴏɴᴇ ᴀɴᴏᴛʜᴇʀ)

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ᴍɪᴄᴇʟʟᴇ ғᴏʀᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴛᴀᴋᴇs ᴘʟᴀᴄᴇ ᴡʜᴇɴ sᴏᴀᴘ ɪs ᴀᴅᴅᴇᴅ ᴛᴏ ᴡᴀᴛᴇʀ ʙᴇᴄᴀᴜsᴇ ᴛʜᴇ ʜʏᴅʀᴏᴄᴀʀʙᴏɴ ᴄʜᴀɪɴs ᴏғ sᴏᴀᴘ ᴍᴏʟᴇᴄᴜʟᴇs ᴀʀᴇ ᴡᴀᴛᴇʀ ʀᴇᴘᴇʟʟɪɴɢ ᴏʀ ʜʏᴅʀᴏᴘʜᴏʙɪᴄ ᴡʜɪᴄʜ ᴀʀᴇ ɪɴsᴏʟᴜʙʟᴇ ɪɴ ᴡᴀᴛᴇʀ,ʙᴜᴛ ᴛʜᴇ ɪᴏɴɪᴄ ᴇɴᴅs ᴏғ sᴏᴀᴘ ᴍᴏʟᴇᴄᴜʟᴇs ᴀʀᴇ ʜʏᴅʀᴏᴘʜɪʟɪᴄ (ᴡᴀᴛᴇʀ ᴀᴛᴛʀᴀᴄᴛɪɴɢ) ᴀɴᴅ ʜᴇɴᴄᴇ sᴏʟᴜʙʟᴇ ɪɴ ᴡᴀᴛᴇʀ.

ᴡʜᴇɴ ᴀ ᴅɪʀᴛʏ ᴄʟᴏᴛʜ ɪs ᴘᴜᴛ ɪɴ ᴡᴀᴛᴇʀ ᴄᴏɴᴛᴀɪɴɪɴɢ ᴅɪssᴏʟᴠᴇᴅ sᴏᴀᴘ ᴛʜᴇɴ ᴛʜᴇ ʜʏᴅʀᴏᴄᴀʀʙᴏɴs ᴇɴᴅs ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ sᴏᴀᴘ ᴍᴏʟᴇᴄᴜʟᴇs ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴛʜᴇ ᴍɪᴄᴇʟʟᴇ ᴀᴛᴛᴀᴄʜ ᴛᴏ ᴏɪʟ ᴏʀ ɢʀᴇᴀsᴇ ᴘᴀʀᴛɪᴄʟᴇs ᴘʀᴇsᴇɴᴛ ᴏғ sᴜʀғᴀᴄᴇ ᴏғ ᴅɪʀᴛʏ ᴄʟᴏᴛʜ.

ɪɴ ᴛʜɪs ᴡᴀʏ,ᴛʜᴇ sᴏᴀᴘ ᴍɪᴄᴇʟʟᴇ ᴇɴᴛʀᴀᴘs ᴛʜᴇ ᴏɪʟʏ ᴏʀ ɢʀᴇᴀsʏ ᴘᴀʀᴛɪᴄʟᴇ ʙʏ ᴜsɪɴɢ ɪᴛs ʜʏᴅʀᴏᴄᴀʀʙᴏɴ ᴇɴᴅs.ᴡʜᴇɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴅɪʀᴛʏ ᴄʟᴏᴛʜ ɪs ᴀɢɪᴛᴀᴛᴇᴅ ɪɴ sᴏᴀᴘ sᴏʟᴜᴛɪᴏɴ,ᴛʜᴇ ᴏɪʟ ᴀɴᴅ ɢʀᴇᴀsʏ ᴘᴀʀᴛɪᴄʟᴇs ᴘʀᴇsᴇɴᴛ ᴏɴ ɪᴛs sᴜʀғᴀᴄᴇ ᴀɴᴅ ᴇɴᴛʀᴀᴘᴘᴇᴅ ʙʏ sᴏᴀᴘ ᴍɪᴄᴇʟʟᴇs ɢᴇᴛ ᴅɪsᴘᴇʀsᴇᴅ ɪɴ ᴡᴀᴛᴇʀ ᴅᴜᴇ ᴛᴏ ᴡʜɪᴄʜ sᴏᴀᴘ ᴡᴀᴛᴇʀ ʙᴇᴄᴏᴍᴇs ᴅɪʀᴛʏ ʙᴜᴛ ᴄʟᴏᴛʜ ɢᴇᴛ ᴄʟᴇᴀɴᴇᴅ.