Cleavage and fracture are properties that describe how minerals break. Cleavage describes how a mineral breaks into even, flat surfaces. A mineral’s cleavage is measured by quality and number of sides. A mineral has perfect cleavage if it leaves no rough surface at all when broken. Cleavage is poor if there is more of a rough surface created. Some minerals only have cleavage along one side. Others have cleavage on two or more sides. Feldspar has two cleavage planes that intersect at right angles.Fracture describes how a mineral breaks into surfaces that aren’t flat or even. Some minerals can have a splintery fracture, like pectolite. Others have an earthy fracture. They break into crumb-like pieces, like soil. Other minerals have fracture that is rounded like a shell. Sulfur has this fracture, which is called conchoidal.The cleavage of a mineralAmust happen on two or more sides of a mineral.Bis perfect if it creates a smooth, flat surface.Ccannot create 90 degree, right angles.Dcan occur in rounded, conchoidal shapes.
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Answer:
Minerals
MINERAL PROPERTIES:
CLEAVAGE
(Including Fracture and Parting)
Cleavage, fracture, and parting all have to do with the positioning of atoms in a mineral and how it breaks when put under stress. (These three properties are listed on the same page due to their comparability, but are each individually discussed).
Cleavage
Parting
Fracture
Cleavage:
In mineral terms, cleavage describes how a crystal breaks when subject to stress on a particular plane. If part of a crystal breaks due to stress and the broken piece retains a smooth plane or crystal shape, the mineral has cleavage. A mineral that never produces any crystallized fragments when broken off has no cleavage.
Cleavage is often measured by three factors:
1) Quality of Cleavage
2) Number of Sides Exhibiting Cleavage
3) Cleavage Habit
Quality of Cleavage:
Quality of cleavage can be categorized into five qualities:
Perfect
Good
Poor
Indiscernible (Indistinct)
None
Minerals with perfect cleavage will cleave without leaving any rough surfaces; a full, smooth plane is formed where the crystal broke. Minerals with good cleavage also leave smooth surfaces, but often leave over minor residual rough surfaces. On minerals with poor cleavage, the smooth crystal edge is not very visible, since the rough surface is dominant. If a mineral exhibits cleavage, but it so poor that it is hardly noticeable, it has "indiscernible" cleavage. Minerals with no cleavage never exhibit any cleavage, thus broken surfaces are fractured and rough.
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