Collect a sample of soil and lost out its constituents??
Answers
Answer:
Soil properties
Soils are an integral component for a variety of stormwater treatment practices and provide numerous functions for the treatment of stormwater runoff. Efficient treatment of stormwater runoff by soil processes requires properly functioning and stable soils. Therefore, measurement and understanding of soil properties are important for the overall assessment of stormwater treatment practices. Soil is composed of three phases: the soil matrix (solid phase), the soil solution (liquid phase), and the soil atmosphere (gaseous phase). The volume and mass relationships among these phases, along with some basic parameters, are useful to characterize the physical characteristics of the soil. The processes and the physical properties of the soil vary with surface location and soil depth and therefore soil analysis will typically require samples from several locations spatially at the soil surface and vertically within the soil profile.
Bulk density
Bulk density is the ratio of the mass of solids to the total soil volume. It can be used to estimate the degree of compaction and is needed to calculate soil moisture content and porosity. The bulk density of soil is influenced by soil structure due to its looseness or degree of compaction and by its swelling and shrinking characteristics (Hillel 1998). Soil compaction in stormwater treatment practices reduces infiltration by reducing the pore space available for water transmission. Soils in stormwater treatment practices can become compacted during construction. Post-construction soil compaction typically does not occur unless heavy machinery is used for maintenance/redevelopment of the practice or surrounding areas.
Bulk density is typically measured using the core method, which involves drying and weighing a soil sample of a known volume (Klute 1986). Bulk density can also be measured or estimated using digital or analog soil penetrometers, the sand cone test (A.S.T.M. D1556-90), nuclear density meters (A.S.T.M. D2292-91), etc.
Soil texture
Many of the physical and chemical properties of soil are affected by soil texture (Pepper et al. 1996). Soil texture is described by classifications which are determined by the particle size distribution of sand, silt, and clay within the soil. The particle size distribution of soil can be measured in the laboratory according to standards of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the American Society for Testing and Materials, and the International Soil Science Society.
Pretreatment of the soil prior to particle size distribution analysis is required to improve the separation and dispersion of aggregates (Klute 1986). After pretreatment of the soil sample, the sand fractions are measured using mesh sieves of various-sized openings. The fraction of silts and clays can be determined using the pipet or hydrometer methods. The pipet method is a sedimentation analysis that relies on the relationship of settling velocity and particle diameter (Klute 1986). The hydrometer method is similar to the pipet method but makes use of a calibrated hydrometer for multiple measurements of the suspended sediment over time. The soil texture classification can then be determined from the USDA textural triangle given the percent sand, silt, and clay of a soil, as shown in figure 6.3. Alternatively, a field procedure for approximation soil texture
Explanation:
soils are an integral components