Question

Collect information about the blood groups (ABO) of a family. Prepare a blood group inheritance chart from parents to offspring by showing phenotype and probable genotype of each member. Identify the universal donor and universal recipient if any, by giving appropriate reasons.​

Answer 1

Answer:

The most well-known and medically important blood types are in the ABO click this icon to hear the preceding term pronounced group. They were discovered in 1900 and 1901 at the University of Vienna by Karl Landsteiner in the process of trying to learn why blood transfusions sometimes cause death and at other times save a patient. In 1930, he belatedly received the Nobel Prize for his discovery of blood types.

All humans and many other primates can be typed for the ABO blood group. There are four principal types: A, B, AB, and O. There are two antigens and two antibodies that are mostly responsible for the ABO types. The specific combination of these four components determines an individual's type in most cases. The table below shows the possible permutations of antigens and antibodies with the corresponding ABO type ("yes" indicates the presence of a component and "no" indicates its absence in the blood of an individual).

For example, people with type A blood will have the A antigen on the surface of their red cells (as shown in the table below). As a result, anti-A antibodies will not be produced by them because they would cause the destruction of their own blood. However, if B type blood is injected into their systems, anti-B antibodies in their plasma will recognize it as alien and burst or agglutinate the introduced red cells in order to cleanse the blood of alien protein.Individuals with type O blood do not produce ABO antigens.

Therefore, their blood normally will not be rejected when it is given to others with different ABO types. As a result, type O people are universal donors for transfusions, but they can receive only type O blood themselves. Those who have type AB blood do not make any ABO antibodies. Their blood does not discriminate against any other ABO type. Consequently, they are universal receivers for transfusions, but their blood will be agglutinated when given to people with every other type because they produce both kinds of antigens.

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Answer 2

The chart is given below:

• Blood group O is called universal donor since it lacks any kind of antigen on its RBCs. Cousin Grand Father and both the Aunts are universal donors.
• Blood group AB is called universal recipient as it has both antigens A and B. It is an example of co-dominance. I, Grandmother, and Cousin 1 are universal recipients.
• Probable genotypes are:

1. Great Grand Father - ia , io
2. Grand Mother, Me and Cousin 1 - ia, ib
3. Cousin Grand Father, Both aunts, and Cousin 5- io, io
4. Mother and Brother - ia, ia or ia, io
5. Uncle, Cousin 3, Cousin 4, Cousin 6 - ia, io
6. Cousin 2- ib, io