Question

collect photographs of 5 plant each of the thallophyta,brayophyta,and pteridophyta divisions and write a description of each

Answer 1

Divisions of Plants.

Thallophyta:

• Thallophytes are a polyphyletic group of non-mobile organisms that are grouped together on the basis of similarity of characteristics but do not share a common ancestor.
• They are usually found in moist areas.
• They do not have “true roots” and vascular tissue needed to transport water and minerals.
• They are autotrophic in nature that is they can prepare their own food with the help of photosynthesis.
• They have a cell wall composed of cellulose around their cells.
• Sex organs are simple and single-celled, and there is no embryo formation after fertilization.

Bryophyta:

• Bryophyta is referred to as the "amphibians' of plant's kingdom" because they are terrestrial plants, but require water to complete their life cycle at the time of sexual reproduction.
• They grow in damp and shaded areas.
• The plant body is thallus-like, i.e. prostrate or erect. It is attached to the substratum by rhizoids, which are unicellular or multicellular.
• Bryophytes show alternation of generation between independent gametophyte with sex organs, which produces sperm and eggs and dependent sporophyte which contains spores.
• The gametophyte bears multicellular sex organs and is photosynthetic. The antheridium produces antherozoids, which are biflagellated. The shape of an archegonium is like a flask and produces one egg. The antherozoids fuse with an egg to form a zygote.

Pteridophyta:

• Pteridophytes are considered the first plants to be evolved on land.
• Pteridophytes are seedless, and they reproduce through spores. They contain vascular tissues but lack xylem vessels and phloem companion cells.
• They possess true roots, stems, and leaves.
• The sporangium is the structure in which spores are formed they are usually homosporous.
• The male sex organs are called antheridia, while the female sex organs are called archegonia.
• They show alteration of generation.

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