collect the information about cell organelles and their functions
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cell :-- the cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all known living organisms it is the smallest unit of life and is often called the building block of life the branch of biology which deals with the study of cell is called Cytology ROBERT HOOKE who coined the term cell when he saw honey come like structure in the session of however he only discovered cell wall the first living cell was discovered by LEEUWENHOEK . TYPES OF CELLS THESE ARE OF TWO TYPES 1). PROKARYOTIC CELLS:- THESE ARE PRIMITIVE CELLS, LEGGING A WELL DEFINED NUCLEUS AND MOST OF THE OTHER CELL ORGANELLES, e.g., bacteria cell. 2). EUKARYOTIC CELLS:- these have a well defined nucleus and membrane bound cell organelles.these are present in unicellular plant and animal cells . parts of cell and their functions:-- a typical cell consists of cell wall and protoplasm. protoplasm of cell:- it is the living fluid matter present inside the plasma membrane the fluid present outside the nuclear membrane is called cytoplasm and fluid present inside the nuclear membrane is called nucleoplasm deutoplasm is the non living matter of the cell.cell wall :-- it is present in plant cells bacteria or fungi algae and some archaea . it is composed of cellulose in plants and chitin in fungi it is non-living its main function is to provide shape and rigidity to the cell.plasma membrane :--- the cell is enclosed by a thin membrane called the cell membrane and plasma membrane it is composed of proteins and phospholipid molecules . it is elastic,living and selectivity permeable ,i.e., provide passage for various SUBSTANCES. mitochondria :-- it was discovered by R Altman in 1880 and the term mitochondria was coined by CARL BENDA
Different cell organelles are
1. Plasma membrane or plasma membrane - cells are enclosed by plasma membrane composed of lipids (fats) and protiens .it is a part of cell .it regulates the movement of materials from interior of the cell to its outer environment.it is also called semi permeable membrane.
2.cell wall -it is outside the cell membrane . It is present only in plant cell. It is made up of cellulose.
3. Nucleous-it has a double layered covering called nuclear membrane . It has pores which allow the transfer of material from interior of the nucleus to its outside.
Nucleous contains chromosomes .
4.genes - functional segments of protiens and DNA
5.endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-it is made up of large network of membrane bound tubes and sheets.it is of two types-
1.rough er- it looks rough becabecause it has particles called lybosomes attached to its surface . E.g. bacteria
2.smooth er-helps in detoxifying many poisons and drugs
6.Golgi complex- first discovered by Camileo Golgi.
it has membrane bound vesciles arranged parallel to each other in stacks called cisterns.it helps in the formation of lybosomes.
7. lysosomes-are membrane bound sacs filled with digestive enzymes these enzymes are made by RER (rough endoplasmic reticulum)
Lysosomes are also called the suicidal bag of the cell.
8 cytoplasm -the fluid inside the plasma membrane where the reaction takes place.
9.mitochondria -the power house of the cell . It has two membrane coverings the outer membrane is porous and the inner membrane is deeply folded.
10 vacoules-are made up of cell sap for solid or liquid content .plants have large vacuole (it occupies 50 -90) while animals have small vacoules.
cell sap contains amino acid , organic acid,etc
11. Plastids -present only in plant cell. It is of two types chronoplast (coloured plastids) and leucoplast (white colourless Plastics.
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