Collect the information of government schemes for welfare of scheduled castes and scheduled Tribes
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Answer:
Explanation:
Introduction
India is a welfare State, committed to the welfare and development
of its people and of vulnerable sections in particular. The preamble,
Directive Principles of State Policy, Fundamental Rights and specific
sections, viz., Articles 38, 39 and 46 in the Constitution of India, stand
testimony to the commitment of the State to its people.
Socially disadvantaged groups of Scheduled Castes/ Scheduled
Tribes have received special focus over the years for their social and
economic advancement. Government has taken several steps for framing
appropriate policies needed to design and implement various welfare
programmes for achieving the objective of creating favourable environment
to ensure speedy socio economic development of SCs/ STs. For the well
being of these communities, special target-oriented programmes are being
implemented by earmarking funds, providing subsidies, offering
reservations in employment and educational institutions etc.
According to the 1991 Census, the population of Scheduled Castes
in Tamil Nadu was 107.12 lakhs, constituting 19.18% of the total
population. The Scheduled Tribes numbering 5.74 lakhs constitute 1.03%
of the total population. The major ameliorative activities for these
communities are grouped as educational development, economic
development, housing and other schemes, Special Component Plan and
Tribal Sub Plan. The implementation of the Special Component Plan (SCP)
for Scheduled Castes and the Tribal Sub Plan (TSP) for Scheduled Tribes
has received special attention since their inception, as these programmes
are effective instruments to ensure proportionate flow of funds for SCs and
STs from other general development sectors.
Review of Ninth Five Year Plan
The main objective of the Ninth Plan was to intensify the efforts to
bridge the gap between Scheduled Castes / Scheduled Tribes and the rest
of the population. An outlay of Rs. 775 crores was provided for the Ninth
Plan and the anticipated expenditure during the period is Rs. 621.39
crores.
Housing and other activities
Regarding Housing, distribution of free house site pattas,
construction of houses for poor Adi-dravidars and Tribals and provision of
infrastructural facilities to SC/ ST habitations were the prime priority areas
in the Ninth Plan. Nearly 2.59 lakh house-site pattas were issued and 1.38
lakh houses were constructed. Supply of protected drinking water facilities
was provided in 12,387 SC/ ST habitations. 25 community halls were
constructed. Provision of burial ground and pathways to burial ground,
drinking water facilities, electricity facilities, etc. were also implemented.
Mobile dispensaries and medical camps were organized to attend to the
general and specific health problems of the tribal communities, since tribal
habitations are located in isolated hill and forest areas. Direct programmes
for the welfare and development of primitive tribes and dispersed tribes
were launched through an integrated action plan incorporating supply of
safe drinking water, food and nutrition security, health coverage,
educational facilities, housing etc.
Economic Development
In the field of economic development, financial assistance was offered to these communities from TAHDCO for undertaking economic activities viz., distribution of plough bulls, milch animals and starting of petty trades. During 1998-99, the scheme of free supply of tools and appliances was modified as `Kalvi Kudumba Thittam'. Under this scheme, family as a unit of development is recognised and poor SC/ ST family having a member with a degree or diploma holder is assisted for self-employment. Existing training institutions were strengthened. Several innovative training programmes in fashion technology, plastic processing, executive secretary,footwear technology, drivers training etc., were also conducted and placement was tied up with reputed institutions. Special coaching facilities for the SC / ST candidates were extended through Pre-examination centre to enable them to appear for civil service competitive examinations to get employment in State/ Central Government offices and public sector undertakings. Special short term coaching was given to SC/ ST candidates through Directorate of Employment and Training to appear for professional course entrance examination under Centrally Sponsored Scheme on 50:50 basis. Coaching classes were conducted for 21 days in 29 centres for 1200 candidates per year in the State.