Comment on morphological variations and phylogeny of Aristolochiaceae.
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... The genus Asarum, containing about 100 species which have conventionally been used as herbal medicines, are distributed in East Asia (65 species), North America (15 species), and Europe (1 species) [1,2]. The Chinese Pharmacopeia has all along enlisted ASARI RADIX ET RHIZOMA, which is stipulated to be dried roots and rhizomes of three different taxa, that is, Asarum heterotropoides Fr. ...
... seoulense usually tend to be mixed together so that they are collectively called Liao Xixin in Chinese. In contrast, A. sieboldii grows in central and eastern China with the Qinling-Dabashan mountainous areas as the center of its distribution, clearly separating it from the two former varieties on the basis of occupation [1]. However, the reports available until now demonstrated that all three taxa have very similar chemical characteristics and biological activities. ...