Commercial agriculture means use of modern technology
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In the 17th century, a second agricultural revolution began. During this phase agriculture production and distribution increased, individuals became less dependent on growing crops themselves, and they began to move to the cities starting the INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION. In the years between the first agricultural revolution and the second little changed with the way that agriculture was grown and harvested. It was during the second agriculture revolution that commercial agriculture was developed. This involved a shift from hand labor to machine farming. Between 1860 and 1910, the number of farms in the UNITED STATES tripled, from 2 million to 6 million, while the area farmed more than doubled.
commercial agriculture
The third revolution began in the 1920s with the development of fertilizers, chemical farming, and the processing and refining of food. The main characteristics of this agricultural revolution were the blending of primary, secondary, and tertiary activities, intensification of mechanization, and development of biotechnology. One of the main elements influencing the third revolution was the green revolution, which is a process of technological development of agricultural techniques that began in Mexico in 1944 and has since spread throughout the world.
The agricultural revolutions and their main characteristics include:
First revolution. Before 10,000 B.C.E. in Europe and Southeast Asia: expansion of seed agriculture and the use of plow and draft animals; development of settlements, farming; population increase.
Second revolution. 1700s in western Europe and North America: production of an agricultural surplus and the development of commercial agriculture; closely associated to Industrial Revolution (begins in Britain; later spreads across Europe).
Third revolution. 1920s in western Europe and North America: development of agriculture, industry, chemical farming, and inorganic fertilizers (biotechnology); agriculture is related to processing and refining of foods.
Today, about 45 percent of the world's population makes its living through agriculture. The proportion of the population involved in agriculture ranges from about 2 percent in the United States to about 80 percent in some parts of Asia and Africa. Farming in the 20th century has become highly technological in the more developed nations, while less developed nations continue with using growing practices and methods that are similar to those developed after the first agricultural revolution.