Question

committies of the government formed for the different purposes
like sarkariya commission for centre and state relations.
I need all the major committies can anyone answer pls​

Answer 1

Sarkaria Commission

Background

• The agitation for State autonomy led to the creation of the Sarkaria Commission by the Central Government to recommend changes in the Centre-State relationship.
• The Commission submitted its report in 1988.
• The founding fathers of the Indian Constitution were deeply concerned about ensuring the unity and integrity of the country. They were aware of the forces of disruption and disunity working within the country. These dangers at the time of independence could be handled only by a strong government at the Centre.
• Therefore, the framers of the Constitution assigned a predominant role to the Centre.
• At the same time, they made provisions for the establishment of cooperative federalism.
• The working of the Indian federation during the last five decades clearly shows that the relations between the Centre and the States have not always been cordial.
• The Administrative Reforms Commission and several other Commissions were appointed by the Government of India from time to time to regulate Centre-State relations.
• The Union Government appointed the Sarkaria Commission to suggest ways and means to improve Centre-State relations.
• The clamour for more autonomy led to the constitution of the Sarkaria Commission in 1983 which was asked to examine and review existing arrangements between the Centres and the States in all spheres and recommend appropriate changes and measures.
• An extraordinary situation, the need to defeat the emergency regime of Indira Gandhi, brought them together. With the return of the Congress party under Indira Gandhi’s leadership with a secure majority, the movements for state autonomy slowly receded in the background.
• At the present moment, there is no movement for state autonomy like earlier, even though the struggle to get more financial resources for the state continues.
• In 1990 a visible change came in the correlation of forces active in Indian politics.

Major Recommendations of Sarkaria Commission

The Sarkaria Commission finally submitted its report in the year 1988. The Sarkaria Commission’s charter was to examine the relationship and balance of power between state and central governments in the country and suggest changes within the framework of the Constitution of India. Despite the large size of its reports – the Commission recommended, by and large, status quo in the Centre-State relations, especially in the areas, relating to legislative matters, the role of Governors, and the use of Article 356.

#Role of Governor

#Issue of Appointment of Governor

#Issue of Removal of Governor

• On the issue of appointment of the Governors, it made some important recommendations, as given in the following:
• As far as possible, the governor should enjoy the term of five years.
• The Governor should be eminent in some walk of life and from outside the state. He should be a detached figure without intense political links, or should not have taken part in politics in the recent past. Besides, he should not be a member of the ruling party.
• He should be removed before his tenure only on the grounds as mentioned in the constitution or if aspersions are cast on his morality, dignity, constitutional propriety, etc.
• He should be appointed after effective consultations with the state Chief Minister and Vice President and Speaker of the Lok Sabha should be consulted by the PM before his selection.
• In the process of removal, the state government may be informed and consulted.
• Regarding the use of Article 356: The Sarkaria Commission made the following recommendations:

• This article should be used very sparingly and as a matter of last resort. It can be invoked only in the event of political crisis, internal subversion, physical breakdown, and non-compliance with the constitutional directives of the centre.
• Before that, a warning should be issued to the errant state in specific terms and an alternate course of action must be explored before invoking it.
• The material fact and grounds on the basis of which this article is invoked should be made an integral part of the Proclamation; it will ensure effective Parliamentary control over the invocation of President Rule.
• The Governor’s report must be a ‘speaking document’ and it should be given wide publicity.
• So the Sarkaria Commission was an important attempt to streamline the centre-state relations.
• It has become a reference point for any discussion on centre-state relations, and it has been frequently referred to even by the judiciary.
• On its recommendation, the Inter-State council was established in 1990, and it has considered its recommendations.
• However, many of its important recommendations have not been implemented and tensions in federal relations are a recurrent feature.

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