Communication system and its problems with reference to Pakistan
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Although the concept of ‘public interest’ has been elusive and polysemic, and thus controversial, a simple definition, drawn from the field of public policy planning describes that something ‘is in the public interest if it serves the objectives of the whole society rather than those of some sectors of the society’. In the contemporary world, the role of communication especially through various media in society has become ubiquitous in terms of serving public interest. Therefore, there is a dire need to understand whether the media actually serves the public interest or not.
The benchmarks for assessing the media presented below are limited by their origin. The countries from which they derive are politically pluralistic, predominantly capitalist and the media institutions in place there are often vigorous. Even so, the structure and operation of the public communication and media have often been hotly debated and the public control of media has often been advocated on grounds of the ‘public interest’, as have deregulation and the further extension of the free market. Within these limits, a quite diverse set of expectations from, or on behalf of, ‘society’ has been articulated in different forums in most countries.
Freedom as a value in civil society has often been defined in terms of communication rights: of beliefs, speech, movement, assembly, association and access to information. Freedom is the essence of democracy indeed of a democratic culture. Media are not only the vanguard of freedom rather their very evolution and orientation is due to freedom. Pakistani society is traditionally a conservative social setup in which individual freedom has never been a much-cherished ideal. The families, groups and clans structure has been so which typically negates individual and general freedom. Therefore, the role of communication media in individual freedom should be a more pronounced one. To a certain extent media have even played this role but largely they could not play their role in this regard to the fullest because they also operate within the same conservative, patriarchal social and cultural context. Apart from it the educational and comprehension levels of the society, from which the media personnel also comes is so low that one cannot expect the media to play a greater role in the freedom of individual. This needs to be understood if improvement in the situation is desired.
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