comparative of irrigation method
ex flooding irrigation, micro irrigation, lift irrigation,sprinker irrigation
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Sprinkler irrigation system
Sprinkler irrigation is a method of
applying water in a manner similar
to rain. It is suited for most row, field
and tree crops. Water can be sprayed
over or under the crop canopy. If a
site is known to be windy most of the
time, sprinkler irrigation will not be
suitable. The sprinkler breaks up the water into droplets sized 0.5–4 mm. The drop size is controlled by pressure and nozzle size of the sprinklers. The average rate at which water is sprayed onto the crops is measured in mm/hour.
The application rate depends on the size of sprinkler nozzles, operating pressure and distance between the sprinklers. The application rate must not exceed the maximum allowable infiltration rate for the soil type. Excess application rate will result in water loss, soil erosion and surface sealing. There may be inadequate moisture in the root zone of crops or plants after irrigation and they may get damaged.
The force with which the water flows out of the sprinkler is known as its ‘water pressure’. Water pressure is measured in pounds per square inch (psi). Sprinklers are, therefore, designed to work at certain pressure levels, which are recommended as their operating pressure. If the pressure is above or below than the recommended level, then the distribution of water will be affected. When the pressure is low, the water drops become larger and they cannot irrigate the crops that are far from the system. If the pressure is high, then the droplets will be smaller and the crops will not be irrigated evenly. It can also damage the sprinkler heads. Although sprinklers are adaptable to most soils, they are best suited for sandy soil. These can be used for irrigating lawns, gardens and agricultural fields.
Sprinkler irrigation is a method of
applying water in a manner similar
to rain. It is suited for most row, field
and tree crops. Water can be sprayed
over or under the crop canopy. If a
site is known to be windy most of the
time, sprinkler irrigation will not be
suitable. The sprinkler breaks up the water into droplets sized 0.5–4 mm. The drop size is controlled by pressure and nozzle size of the sprinklers. The average rate at which water is sprayed onto the crops is measured in mm/hour.
The application rate depends on the size of sprinkler nozzles, operating pressure and distance between the sprinklers. The application rate must not exceed the maximum allowable infiltration rate for the soil type. Excess application rate will result in water loss, soil erosion and surface sealing. There may be inadequate moisture in the root zone of crops or plants after irrigation and they may get damaged.
The force with which the water flows out of the sprinkler is known as its ‘water pressure’. Water pressure is measured in pounds per square inch (psi). Sprinklers are, therefore, designed to work at certain pressure levels, which are recommended as their operating pressure. If the pressure is above or below than the recommended level, then the distribution of water will be affected. When the pressure is low, the water drops become larger and they cannot irrigate the crops that are far from the system. If the pressure is high, then the droplets will be smaller and the crops will not be irrigated evenly. It can also damage the sprinkler heads. Although sprinklers are adaptable to most soils, they are best suited for sandy soil. These can be used for irrigating lawns, gardens and agricultural fields.
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