COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CHARACTERISTICS OF SYNTHETIC FIBRES- Synthetic fibres are more durable than most natural fibres and readily pick-up different dyes. In addition, many synthetic fibres offer consumer-friendly functions such as stretching, waterproofing and stain resistance. Sunlight, moisture, and oils from human skin cause all fibres to break down and wear away. Natural fibres are susceptible to larval insect infestation; synthetic fibres are not a good food source for fabric-damaging insects. Compared to natural fibres, many synthetic fibres are more water resistant and stain resistant. Some are even specially enhanced to withstand damage from water or stainsMost of synthetic fibers’ disadvantages are related to their low melting temperature: The mono- fibres do not trap air pockets like cotton and provide poor insulation. Synthetic fibres burn more rapidly than natural fibres. Synthetic fibres are prone to heat damage and damage by hot washing and melt relatively easily. More electrostatic charge is generated by rubbing them with natural fibres and is not skin friendly, so it is uncomfortable for long wearing. They are non-biodegradable in comparison to natural fibres. Most of the synthetic fibres absorb very little moisture so become sticky when the body sweats. 37-a)Which of the following is not a characteristic of synthetic fibres?
1 point
1.Most of the synthetic fibres absorb very little moisture.
2.Synthetic fibres are not skin friendly.
3.Synthetic fibres are durable
4.Synthetic fibres are biodegradable.
37-b)Name the synthetic fibre which is processed from a natural substance.
1 point
nylon
rayon
polyester
acrylic
37-c)Raincoats are made from synthetic fibres.
1 point
yes
No
37-d)One should wear synthetic fibre clothes while working in the kitchen.
1 point
yes
no
37-e)Rayon takes relatively less time to decompose.
1 point
Yes
no
Answers
Bioprocessing of synthetic fibres
Dr.C. Vigneswaran, ... Dr.P. Kandhavadivu, in Bioprocessing of Textiles, 2014
4.1 Introduction
Synthetic fibres are man-made fibres that derived from chemical resources (Achwal 1984). Synthetic fibres are continuous filament form during fibre extrusion process at the stage of manufacturing either dry or wet or melt spinning methods, which means the fibres come in long lengths. Synthetic fibres are manufactured using plant materials and minerals: viscose comes from pine trees or petrochemicals, while acrylic, nylon and polyester come from oil and coal. Viscose fibre is obtained from the cellulose; versatility allows imitating materials such as cotton or silk. Polyester is a synthetic material, strong and easy to maintain. Its aspect is smooth and glossy. Nylon fibre has tough and resilient need not be pressed, and to be synthetic, wash with warm water (So Hee Lee and Wha Soon Song 2010).
The potential of microbial enzymes for surface modification of synthetic fibres has recently been assessed (Khoddami et al. 2001). The major advantages of enzymes in polymer modification compared to chemical methods are milder reactions leading to less damage to fibres, easier control, and environment friendly on polymer surfaces. Enzymatic hydrolysis of synthetic fibres improves some undesired properties such as hydrophilicity, improved wearing comfort, tendency to pilling, low dyeability, and electrostatic forces.
Poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is the most widely used synthetic fibre for clothes, because it has many beneficial properties. However, it also has several disadvantages, most of which are attributable to low hydrophilicity (moisture regain of 0.4%) (Zeronian and Collins 1990). Because of such low hydrophilicity, the surfaces of PET fabrics cannot wet easily and this may causes some difficulties in finishing, washing, and dyeing. In addition, due to the buildup of electrostatic charge and pilling on the surface of PET fabrics, the wearing comfort of clothing is diminished. In order to solve these problems, many attempts have been made to modify the low hydrophilicity of the surface of PET fabrics. Recent studies have suggested new alternatives for chemical treatment; one of these involves the use of enzymes for eco-friendly processing (Kim and Song 2012). Enzymatic hydrolysis is more advantageous than conventional chemical hydrolysis by alkali treatment as it consumes lesser amounts of energy; further, no harsh chemicals are required. Moreover, enzymatic hydrolysis is restricted to the fibre surface because the enzymes cannot penetrate the fibre; thus, there is no decrease in fibre strength (Cavalco-Paulo and Gübitz 2003). Some of the enzymes that can potentially be applied to PET fabric hydrolysis include lipases, and cutinases, esterases. These enzymes hydrolysis on ester linkage cause producing hydroxyl and carboxyl groups on the surface of the fabrics, so surface hydrophilicity of PET fabrics could be improved. Among these, lipases have the greatest number of industrial applications and are already regarded as effective enzymes for the hydrolysis of PET fabrics.
The bioprocessing of synthetic fibres such as polyester, nylon, polypropylene, polyethylene, polystyrene; and semi-synthetic (regenerated) fibres such as viscose rayon, lyocell and modal have been reported (Heumann et al. 2006). Moreover the reports of previous research work made by researcher and scientist in the area of synthetic fibre have shown very little and studies are being focussed on improving the functional characteristics of synthetic fibres. The new innovative work on the surface characteristics of polyester fibre by using the lipase and other enzymes to improve the hydrophilic nature of polyester is creative and will pave the new path for functional textiles.
Explanation:
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