Compare all the proposed models of an atom given in structure of atoms
Define valency by taking examples of silicon and oxygen.
Answers
Answer:
q1
Thomson
● Sphere is positively charged
●Electrons are negatively charged and scattered all through the inside of the sphere.
● Positively charged = negatively charged
● The net charge in the atom is zero.
Rutherford
● The nucleus is at the centre and is positively charged holding the entire mass.
● Electrons are negatively charged revolving in a well-defined path
●In comparison with the nucleus, the size of the atom is very large.
Bohr
●Nucleus is present at the centre and is positively charged
● Electrons are negatively charged, revolving around but do not radiate energy.
● The distinct orbits are labelled as K, L, M, N
q2
The definite combining capacity of the atoms of each element, wherein electrons are lost, gained or shared to make the octet of electrons present in the outermost shell is defined as valency. To measure valency, we can figure out the number of electrons that are required to complete the shell in which it is contained or losing excess electrons if present, once the filling is complete.
Example : To find the valency of silicon:
The atomic number of silicon is 14
Number of electrons is equal to the number of protons in silicon i.e., 14
The distribution of electrons in silicon atom is K – 2, L – 8, M – 4
Hence, from the distribution of silicon it is clearly evident that to fill the M shell 4 electrons are required. Therefore its valency is 8-4=4.
To find the valency of oxygen:
The atomic number of oxygen is 8
Number of electrons is equal to the number of protons in oxygen i.e., 8
The distribution of electrons in oxygen atom is K – 2, L – 6
Hence, from the distribution of oxygen it is clearly evident that to fill the M shell 6 more electrons are required. Therefore its valency is 8-6=2.
hope it helps you
Explanation:
Topic: History : chapter 2 socialism in Europe and Russian Revolution part 1
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