compare and contrast institutional and community based rehabilitation models for people with disabilities
Answers
Explanation:
The problems faced by people with disabilities in their day to day life are the result not only of their impairments but also the negative attitudes and beliefs of the communities where they live. The purpose of a CBR programme is the solve problems related to disability with the involvement of the community, and to integrate disabled persons into the mainstream of community life. However, the author suggests the use of both institution based and community based rehabilitation in an appropriate manner in order to bring about changes in the quality of life of people with disabilities.
Differences between institutional rehabilitation and community based rehabilitation
Institutional rehabilitation
Merits
Creates cohesiveness among disabled people
High degree of technical skills
High acceptance, especially from non-disabled persons
Demerits
Coverage restricted to urban areas
Disabled people become segregated from families
Needs good infrastructure, technology and professionals
Costs are high
Tends to be rigid, increases dependency
Unsuitable for disabled people in rural areas
Community based rehabilitation
Merits
Meets needs of all disabled persons, with comprehensive interventions
Encourages innovative use of local resources
Increases coverage
Promotes social integration
Changes negative attitudes of community
More affordable to those with limited resources
More flexible and creative
Promotes community participation
Demerits
No universal models
Results are slow
Acceptance is low because of low literacy and superstitions
Rural disabled people are not well organised
People expect permanent solutions from institutions
Social, economic, cultural, geographical and political environment in rural areas are not conducive to initiating of CBR
Inadequate knowledge and skills in the community
Communities resist change regarding beliefs and practices in disability
Lack of infrastructure, functional institutions and social organisations in villages
Community-Based Rehabilitation
Explanation:
Community-Based Rehabilitation :
- It is based on the social model and rights model.
- Concept of capacity building and empowerment.
- A person with a disability will be the decision-maker.
- Utilization of available resources in their own community.
- They target a larger population.
- Minimal medical services and basic services.
- The economic status of people with disabling is not a barrier.
Team member include the person with a disability, parents, caregivers, family, local community, NGOs, Voluntary organizations, Governments.