Question

compare and contrast the culture of Mesolithic and Neolithic period - for 9th class,1st lesson detail . answer me as a detail​

Answer 1

Answer:

THIS PAPER HAS ITS ORIGIN in the comparative study of an observed 'Mesolithic' to 'Neolithic'-type transition (actually in African tool-tradition terms, Later Stone Age to Iron Age): the present-day shift from hunting and gathering to agro-pastoralism in southern Africa. But before entering into comparisons between Europe and Africa, let me make two disclaimers. First, the paper is not specifically concerned with theories of the spread of herding or farming. Indeed, my model is not contingent on any particular perspective in archaeological theory or model of neolithisation (such as 'wave of advance' or 'indigenous development'). It could prove useful under various theoretical banners in reinterpreting aspects of the archaeological record with reference to economics, sociality, politics, land use, and inter-group interactions in the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition. Secondly, the paper is concerned not with direct ethnographic analogy, but rather with relational analogy. A relational analogy involves comparable archaeological periods, and it involves equivalent sets of structural relations. Comparable here means liter-ally compare-able; it does not mean identical. The pitfalls of crude ethno-graphic analogy are avoided because the model is structural and not dependent on ethnographic or archaeological detail. SOUTHERN AFRICAN/EUROPEAN COMPARISONS My own field of research is as a social anthropologist among hunter-gatherers, part-time hunter-gatherers, and former hunter-gatherers (and some herding groups) in southern Africa. These groups are comparable in many ways to north-west European Mesolithic populations. The surrounding agro-pastoral populations are similarly comparable to European Neolithic peoples.

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