Biology, asked by TbiaSamishta, 1 year ago

Compare and contrast the following terms: (a) Gene and allele. (b) Genotype and phenotype. (c) DNA and RNA. (d) DNA and chromosome. (e) Locus and allele.

Answers

Answered by ajmal64
1
a. The genotype of an organism is defined as the sum of all its genes. The phenotype of an organism is the observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, determined by both genetic make-up and environmental influences.

b.gene is a stretch of DNA or RNA that determines a certain trait. Genes mutate and can take two or more alternative forms; an allele is one of these forms of a gene. For example, the gene for eye color has several variations (alleles) such as an allele for blue eye color or an allele for brown eyes.

c.RNA is made up of nucleotides. ... There are two differences that distinguish DNAfrom RNA: (a) RNA contains the sugar ribose, while DNA contains the slightly different sugar deoxyribose (a type of ribose that lacks one oxygen atom), and (b) RNA has the nucleobase uracil while DNA contains thymine.

d.In the nucleus of each cell, the DNA molecule is packaged into thread-like structures called chromosomes. Each chromosome is made up of DNA tightly coiled many times around proteins called histones that support its structure.

e.Homologous chromosomes can have different alleles on them. Alleles are variants of the same gene that occur on the same place on a chromosome. (Through a mutation, they are different.) A locus refers to the location on the chromosome where the gene is found.

smartkarthik37: nice answer
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