Compare and contrast the main features of permanent settlement and the mahalwari settlement were they able to fulfill their objectives?
Answers
Permanent system was introduced by Lord Cornwallis in 1793 in Bengal and Bihar.
According to this system, revenue collectors were tuned into landlords and Zamindars were giving 1/11th of the rental that they derived from their land.
Mahalwari system was introduced by Holt Mackenzie in 1822 in Central Province, Agra, Punjab and Ganetic valley.
This system was divided the land into Mahals and village committee.
Village committees were collected the taxes from the lands and owners of the Mahals can collect the taxes from the committees.
Compare and Contrast between Permanent settlement and Mahalwari settlement:
The permanent Settlement and the Mahalwari settlement were based on the ideology to increase the agricultural investment into the land for the revenue, which is compared as following –
- The Permanent Settlement was introduced prior in the year of 1793 to the Mahalwari Settlement in the year of 1822 .
- The revenue collected from the Permanent Settlement was to be fixed with no changes, whereas the Mahalwari settlement had the non-fixed amount of revenue to be collected, revising it periodically.
- The Permanent Settlement had revenue collector as Raja and Taluqdar, whereas Mahalwari settlement had their revenue collector as headmen of the village.