Compare and contrast the northern and southern United States between 1800 and 1850. Write three or four paragraphs about the similarities and the differences between the two regions. Your essay should include discussions of the economy, social structure, daily life, and social attitudes. In your concluding paragraph, predict how society and attitudes will develop in the West. Which region would the West be more likely to side with on important issues?
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American Battlefield Trust

Civil War
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North and South
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The economic differences between the North and South contributed to the rise of regional populations with contrasting values and visions for the future.
The Civil War that raged across the nation from 1861 to 1865 was the violent conclusion to decades of diversification. Gradually, throughout the beginning of the nineteenth century, the North and South followed different paths, developing into two distinct and very different regions.
North
The northern soil and climate favored smaller farmsteads rather than large plantations. Industry flourished, fueled by more abundant natural resources than in the South, and many large cities were established (New York was the largest city with more than 800,000 inhabitants). By 1860, one quarter of all Northerners lived in urban areas. Between 1800 and 1860, the percentage of laborers working in agricultural pursuits dropped drastically from 70% to only 40%. Slavery had died out, replaced in the cities and factories by immigrant labor from Europe. In fact an overwhelming majority of immigrants, seven out of every eight, settled in the North rather than the South. Transportation was easier in the North, which boasted more than two-thirds of the railroad tracks in the country and the economy was on an upswing.
Far more Northerners than Southerners belonged to the Whig/Republican political party and they were far more likely to have careers in business, medicine, or education. In fact, an engineer was six times as likely to be from the North as from the South. Northern children were slightly more prone to attend school than Southern children.
South

In contrast to the factory, the plantation was a central feature of Southern life. (Library of Congress)
The fertile soil and warm climate of the South made it ideal for large-scale farms and crops like tobacco and cotton. Because agriculture was so profitable few Southerners saw a need for industrial development. Eighty percent of the labor force worked on the farm. Although two-thirds of Southerners owned no slaves at all, by 1860 the South's "peculiar institution" was inextricably tied to the region's economy and culture. In fact, there were almost as many blacks - but slaves and free - in the South as there were whites (4 million blacks and 5.5 million whites). There were no large cities aside from New Orleans, and most of the ones that did exist were located on rivers and coasts as shipping ports to send agricultural produce to European or Northern destinations.
Only one-tenth of Southerners lived in urban areas and transportation between cities was difficult, except by water. Only 35% of the nation's train tracks were located in the South. Also, in 1860, the South's agricultural economy was beginning to stall while the Northern manufacturers were experiencing a boom.
A slightly smaller percentage of white Southerners were literate than their Northern counterparts, and Southern children tended to spend less time in school. As adults, Southern men tended to belong to the Democratic political party and gravitated toward military careers as well as agriculture.
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Comparison between Northern and the Southern regions are as follows-
- The economics, social system, and views, along with everyday living, were among the areas where the South and the North often differed. And the conflicts that both the north and southern nations in that period had to overcome in order to flourish.
- The most significant distinction between the North and Southern states was the monetary system. There were a lot of small farmers in the North, but it was also growing more and industrialised more.
- Additionally, you would find factories producing a variety of items in the north.
- Previously unavailable, many hired people were working diligently to develop items that fit the nation's expanding need.
- The Southerners in the other portion of the country were far more committed to farming.
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