compare basic strength of pyridine and 2methylpyridine
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Pyridine
Full structural formula of pyridine
Skeletal formula of pyridine, showing the numbering convention
Ball-and-stick diagram of pyridine
Space-filling model of pyridine
Pyridine sample.jpg
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
Pyridine[1]
Systematic IUPAC name
Azabenzene
Other names
Azine
Azinine
1-Azacyclohexa-1,3,5-diene
Identifiers
CAS Number
110-86-1 ☑
3D model (JSmol)
Interactive image
ChEBI
CHEBI:16227 ☒
ChEMBL
ChEMBL266158 ☑
ChemSpider
1020 ☑
ECHA InfoCard 100.003.464
EC Number
203-809-9
KEGG
C00747 ☑
PubChem CID
1049
UNII
NH9L3PP67S ☑
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
DTXSID9021924 Edit this at Wikidata
InChI[show]
SMILES[show]
Properties
Chemical formula C5H5N
Molar mass 79.102 g·mol−1
Appearance Colorless liquid[2]
Odor Nauseating, fish-like[3]
Density 0.9819 g/mL[4]
Melting point −41.6 °C (−42.9 °F; 231.6 K)
Boiling point 115.2 °C (239.4 °F; 388.3 K)
Solubility in water Miscible
log P 0.73 [5]
Vapor pressure 16 mmHg (20 °C)[3]
Conjugate acid Pyridinium
Refractive index (nD) 1.5093
Viscosity 0.88 cP 25℃
Dipole moment 2.2 D[6]
Hazards[8]
Safety data sheet See: data page
EU classification (DSD) (outdated) Flammable (F)
Harmful (Xn)
R-phrases (outdated) R20 R21 R22 R34 R36 R38
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamond
320
Flash point 21 °C (70 °F; 294 K)
Explosive limits 1.8–12.4%[3]
Threshold limit value (TLV) 5 ppm (TWA)
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose) 891 mg/kg (rat, oral)
1500 mg/kg (mouse, oral)
1580 mg/kg (rat, oral)[7]
LC50 (median concentration) 9000 ppm (rat, 1 hr)[7]
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible) TWA 5 ppm (15 mg/m3)[3]
REL (Recommended) TWA 5 ppm (15 mg/m3)[3]
IDLH (Immediate danger) 1000 ppm[3]
Related compounds
Related amines Picoline
Quinoline
Related compounds Aniline
Pyrimidine
Piperidine
Supplementary data page
Structure and
properties Refractive index (n),
Dielectric constant (εr), etc.
Thermodynamic
data Phase behaviour
solid–liquid–gas
Spectral data UV, IR, NMR, MS
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references
Pyridine is a basic heterocyclic organic compound with the chemical formula C5H5N. It is structurally related to benzene, with one methine group (=CH−) replaced by a nitrogen atom. It is a highly flammable, weakly alkaline, water-miscible liquid with a distinctive, unpleasant fish-like smell. Pyridine is colorless, but older or impure samples can appear yellow. The pyridine ring occurs in many important compounds, including agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, and vitamins. Historically, pyridine was produced from coal tar. Today it is synthesized on the scale of about 20,000 tonnes per year worldwide.[2]
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