Compare between USA and India based on infrastructural facilities. Please answer asap!
Answers
Explanation:
INFRASTRUCTURE URBAN DEVELOPMENT & TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE SECTOR
SUMMARY
Urban development and transport infrastructure are the two segments of the Indian infrastructure sector that present the best opportunities for Australia. Given the differences in the nature of the opportunities this chapter examines them separately.
The urbanisation of the world's largest rural population brings enormous opportunities and challenges. India's urban population is expected to reach 640 million by 2035.
The opportunities for Australia are not in building cities or roads, but rather in financing and other service areas.
Out to 2035, improvements in city planning and growing disposable incomes could enable more user charges – such as toll roads – to increase revenue generation for infrastructure developments.
Improving transport infrastructure is critical to the liveability of India's cities. It is also central to India's productivity and the competitiveness of sectors such as agriculture and manufacturing.
Transport is expected to attract the majority of infrastructure investment in India out to 2035. The need for capital is immense. Issues around land acquisition and dispute resolution could keep the sector from reaching its potential.
The Indian Government is actively seeking foreign investment to finance its large-scale rail and road connectivity projects, with the creation of new investment vehicles and financing models. It is also beginning to improve regulatory clarity and reduce execution risk through policy reform.
De-risked brownfield assets in the transport sector represent the clearest investment opportunities for Australia. There are also export opportunities for Australian expertise in areas such as port logistics, infrastructure financing, road safety, heavy haul transportation, multimodal logistics and architectural design and engineering.
Urban development and associated infrastructure investment is a major source of growth for India. Urbanisation drives demand for inputs across sectors (such as metallurgical coal and iron ore for steel production) and shapes India's use of energy. The Indian Government is focusing on improving basic services such as sanitation and housing. Water management is a serious challenge, with most of India's large cities already facing water shortages on a daily basis.
Australia can provide expertise in niche services for smart cities development including urban planning, transport management, road safety, water and sanitation and waste management.
billion deficit
a key goal of India's suite of regulatory reforms is to attract more foreign investment into the sector, including through new investment vehicles and innovative financial instruments
by 2030, transport is expected to attract over 60 per cent of infrastructure investment in India.12
In some parts of India, developers are also employing user charges and value capture mechanisms such as taxes and betterment levies to finance infrastructure projects
The Government of India is seeking greater private investment through:
allowing 100 per cent FDI in railways for construction, operation and maintenance of suburban corridor projects, high-speed train projects, railway electrification and signalling, among others
encouraging the development of new investment vehicles such as the Railways of India Development Fund to attract long term investment from global institutional investors.
MULTIMODAL LOGISTICS
Intermodal freight planning and optimisation in the transport infrastructure sector is lagging and inefficient transport logistics constrain the competitiveness and productivity of the Indian economy
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Four general trends will shape the sector out to 2035.
DEMOGRAPHICS
Rural to urban migration and a growing middle class will drive up infrastructure needs as more pressure is placed on public transport infrastructure and more cars go on the road.
GOVERNMENT FOCUS ON SECURING FUNDING
Policy changes in recent years, such as user charges, the advent of Invest India and new types of investment vehicles to attract investment and facilitate infrastructure will stimulate growth across transport modes, potentially improve capacity and efficiency, and contribute to economic
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Answer:
India:
Indias population growth and economic development requires improved transport infrastructure including through investments in roads railways and aviationshipping and inland waterways
Capital is the key to advancing Indians transport infrastructure
India will require investments of over trillion by 2040 for the development of its infrastructure, according to the Economic Survey 2017–18
of this, India will be able to meet about trillion, leaving a $526 billion deficit
a key goal of India's suite of regulatory reforms is to attract more foreign investment into the sectorincluding through new investment vehicles and innovative financial instruments
Usa: Destination USA a Nations Online Project country profile of the United States of America a nation of 50 states covering the central part of North America
The Continental United States is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean in the east and the Pacific Ocean in the west Alaska, the largest US state occupies a huge peninsula in the extreme northwest of North America The US state of Hawaii is an island group located in the central Pacific Oceansouthwest of the continental United States
The USA borders Canada in the north; its southern 3,155 km long border to Mexico is partly furnished with a great wall (or fence) The United States also shares maritime borders with the Bahamas, Cuba, and Russia