Compare polarity of ch3cl chcl3 ch2cl2
Answers
Answer:
Which among CH2Cl2, CCl4,CHCl3 has a greater dipole moment and why?
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Dichloromethane has the highest value of dipole moment .
The basic structure of dichloromethane is -
In the above structure it is clear that in the horizontal direction the net dipole is on the right side , due to chlorin being more electronegative than carbon which is in turn more electronegative than hydrogen . Similar is the case for the vertical direction . The net dipole is on the upward direction . Since we know that dipole is a vector quantity , so by doing vector addition we get that the net dipole in the molecule is in the north east direction and a value of 2^(1/2) times the dipole mom
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Answer of 1st question :
The dipole moment in assending order will be CCl4 < CHCl3 < CH2Cl2
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Answer of 2nd question :
As 4 Cl molecule is distributed around they cancel each other's dipole moment and became apolar.
Now let's see the dipole moment distribution of other 2 molecule :
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Please, ignore the diagram of CH3Cl as it is not included in the question.
The resultant of 2 C-Cl bond and 2 C-H bond will be nearly in same direction which increases total dipole moment. However, in CHCl3 the resultant of 3 C-Cl bond makes some angle with C-H bond which relatively decreases tota
Lets take all examples...
Arrange CH4, CH3Cl, CH2Cl2, CHCl3 , CCl4 in decreasing order of polarity..
Now first of all CCl4 and CH4 have tetrahedral shape and are symmetric so they have dipole moment zero...
In CH3Cl the polarity vectors of 3 H atoms and Cl atoms add up and give it a large dipole moment...
In CH2Cl2 the polarity vectors of 2 H atoms add up to Cl atoms but vector of one Cl atom cancels half of the effect of other Cl atom and give it a smaller dipole moment compared to CH3Cl..
In CHCl3 the polarity vector of only one H atom adds up and 3 Cl atoms cancel each others effect and give it a much smaller dipole moment...
So order of relative dipole moments is:-
CH4=CCl4 < CHCl3 < CH2Cl2 < CH3Cl
(Edit: For those who are confused why CH3Cl has more dipole moment than CH2Cl2, I will just explain my logic, I maybe wrong. Suppose 1H atom helps to add a dipole moment of value X. Then in CH3Cl the 3H atoms with help 1 Cl atom for a value of 3X. Now in CH2Cl2, the dipole moment help of 2H atoms will be 2X, but there are two Cl atoms asking for dipole moment help from these 2H atoms. So the effect of dipole moment of H atoms will be distributed among this 2 Cl atoms giving it comparatively low dipole moment compared to CH3Cl.)
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