Question

compare the administration of Muhammad Bin Tughlaq and Alauddin Khilji

Answer 1

Comparison between the Administration of Alauddin Khalji and Muhammad TughlaqAdministration of Alauddin KhaljiAdministration of Muhammad TughlaqHe increases his large standing army to protect from invasion (defensive measure) because Delhi was attacked twice, in 1299/1300 AD and 1302-03 AD.He increased his large standing army to attack on Transoxiana.He constructed a new garrison town named Siri for his soldiers.He evacuates four oldest cities of Delhi (Dehli-i Kuhna) and made soldiers garrison. The residents of the old city were relocated to the new capital of Daulatabad in the south.Soldiers were fed from the tax collected from the lands between the Ganga and Yamuna. Tax was fixed at 50 per cent of the produce.The tax collected from the area between Ganga and Yamuna was used to feed the army. But to meet the need of the large number of soldiers the Sultan levied additional taxes, including those areas which were suffering from famine.He paid his soldiers salaries in cash rather than kind.  The soldiers were to buy their supplies from the local market. To stop the fear of price rise, he controlled the prices of goods. Prices were carefully monitor by officers, and if merchants did not sell at the prescribed rates were punished.He paid salary in cash to the soldiers but never controlled the prices. He introduced the token system without royal verification somewhat like present-day paper currency, but made out of cheap metals, not gold and silver.His administrative measures like Military Reforms, Revenue Reforms and Economic Reforms (Market Regulations) were quite successful. He successfully withstood the threat of Mongol invasions.His administrative measures like shifting of capital; plans to invade Transoxiana and disbanded his large army; raising of taxes and famine in the Ganga-Yamuna belt led to widespread rebellion; and token system  were failure measures

Answer 2

Answer:

Explanation:

Alauddin Khalji

Muhammad Tughluq

1. Alauddin Khalji raised a large standing army as defensive measure.

1. He therefore raised a large standing army to attack on Transoxiana.

 

2. Alauddin constructed a new garrison town named Siri for his soldiers.

2. He evacuates four oldest cities of Delhi (Dehli-i Kuhna) and made soldiers garrison. The residents of the old city were sent to the new capital of Daulatabad in the south.

 

3. The soldiers had to be fed. This was done through the produce collected as tax from lands between the Ganga and Yamuna. Tax was fixed at 50 per cent of the peasant’s yield.

3. Produce from the same area was collected as tax to feed the army. But to meet the need of the large number of soldiers the Sultan levied additional taxes. This coincided with famine in the area.

 

4. The soldiers had to be paid.

Alauddin chose to pay his soldiers salaries in cash rather than iqtas. The soldiers would buy their supplies from merchants in Delhi and it was thus feared that merchants would raise their prices. To stop this, Alauddin controlled the prices of goods in Delhi. Prices were carefully surveyed by officers, and merchants who did not sell at the prescribed rates were punished.

4. Muhammad Tughluq also paid his soldiers cash salaries. But instead of controlling prices, he used a “token” currency, somewhat like present-day paper currency, but made out of cheap metals, not gold and silver. People in the fourteenth century did not trust these coins. They saved their gold and silver coins and paid all their taxes to the state with this token currency. This cheap currency could also be counterfeited easily.

 

5. Alauddin’s administrative

measures were quite successful and chroniclers praised his reign for its cheap prices and efficient supplies of goods in the market. He successfully withstood the threat of Mongol invasions.

5. Muhammad Tughluq’s administrative measures were a failure. His campaign into Kashmir was a disaster. He then gave up his plans to invade Transoxiana and disbanded his large army.

Meanwhile, his administrative measures created complications. The shifting of people to Daulatabad was resented. The raising of taxes and famine in the Ganga-Yamuna belt led to widespread rebellion. And finally, the “token” currency had to be recalled.