compare the atomic radius of magnesium and phosphorus
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Magnesium has a larger atomic radius due to a smaller effective nuclear charge. B Phosphorus has a larger atomic radius due to a larger effective nuclear charge.
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The element Mg and P are in the same period (third period) Thus P experiences more effective nuclear charge as the effective nuclear charge increases towards the right. Thus the size of Mg is larger as it has low effective nuclear charge.
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