compare the condition of manual scavenging in developing and developed countries.
Answers
Explanation:
Manual scavenging is a term used mainly in India for the manual removal of untreated ... Similar occupations existed and still exist in other countries , usually known by other terms and given different ...
Answer:
Example for unsafe manual pit emptying (which could be termed "manual scavenging") of a pit latrine in Korogocho slums in Kenya
Manual scavenging is a term used mainly in India for the manual removal of untreated human excreta from bucket toilets or pit latrines by hand with buckets and shovels. It has been officially prohibited by law in 1993 due to it being regarded as a caste-based, dehumanizing practice (if not done in a safe manner). It involves moving the excreta, using brooms and tin plates, into baskets, which the workers carry to disposal locations sometimes several kilometers away.[1] The workers, called scavengers (or more appropriately "sanitation workers"), rarely have any personal protective equipment. Manual scavenging is a caste-based occupation, with the vast majority of workers involved being women.[2]
The employment of manual scavengers to empty a certain type of dry toilet that requires manual daily emptying was prohibited in India in 1993. The law was extended and clarified to include insanitary latrines, ditches and pits in 2013.[3]
According to Socio Economic Caste Census 2011, 180,657 households are engaged in manual scavenging for a livelihood.[4] The 2011 Census of India found 794,000 cases of manual scavenging across India.[5] The state of Maharashtra, with 63,713, tops the list with the largest number of households working as manual scavengers, followed by the states of Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Tripura and Karnataka.[6]
Similar occupations existed and still exist in other countries, usually known by other terms and given different degrees of government protection.