Compare the different patterns of development of jute and cotton industry.
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particularly in West Bengal. Jute, the golden fibre, meets all the
standards for ‗safe‘ packaging in view of being a natural, renewable, biodegradable and eco-friendly
product. It is estimated that that the jute industry provides direct employment to 0.37 million workers
in organized mills and in diversified units including tertiary sector and allied activities and supports the
livelihood of around 4.0 million farm families. In addition there are a large number of persons engaged
in the trade of jute.
Jute, the golden fibre, meets all the standards for ‗safe‘ packaging in view of being a natural,
renewable, biodegradable and eco-friendly product. The principal varieties of jute in India are tossa
(Corchorus Olitorious) and white jute (Corchorus Capsularis). Though jute plant is known principally
for its versatile fibre, every part of the plant has its use. The tender leaves are cooked and consumed as
vegetables. The leaves which fall off the plant enrich the soil, about 1 MT of dry matter is put back
into the soil and about 3 MT of roots remain per acre of land. The stick which remains after jute fibre
is extracted is used as a domestic fuel and also as a cheap building material. The plant itself has a very
high carbon dioxide assimilation ability; in the 120 days of its growing period, an acre of jute absorbs
about 6 MT of carbon dioxide form atmosphere and releases 4.4 MT of oxygen; several times higher
than trees. Apart from the versatility of the jute plant, the plant compares very favourably in terms of
its ecological footprint when compared with synthetic packaging materials.
As on date, there are 94 composite jute mills out of which the state of West Bengal has 70 jute
mills with Andhra Pradesh having 10 mills, Uttar Pradesh 3 mills, Bihar 3 mills, Orissa 3 mills, Assam
2 mills, Chhattisgarh 2 mills and Tripura 1 Jute Mill. As on 31.08.2015, 26 mills are closed.
According to the closure notices issued by the managements, the principal reasons for the closure of
mills are labour indiscipline, absenteeism and trade unionism.
The total number of looms installed in jute industry stood at 51374 consisting of 17990 Hessian
looms, 28381 Sacking looms, 919 Carpet Backing Cloth (CBC) and others at 4084. The installed
spindles in jute mills other than 100 % export oriented units were 772058 comprising of 632914 fine
spindles & 139144 coarse spindles. The maximum installed capacity in jute mills other than 100 %
export oriented units (on the basis of 305 working days per year) is estimated to be 2789 thousand
tonnes per annum.
2. RAW JUTE SCENARIO
Raw jute crop is an important cash crop to the farmers. Cultivation of raw jute crop provides
not only fibre which has industrial use, but jute stick which is used as fuel and building material by the
farming community.
There is always significant fluctuation in the area under jute cultivation in India. The year to
year fluctuations arise out of three factors namely, (i) fluctuation in rainfall during the sowing season,
(ii) the average raw jute prices realized during the previous jute season, and (iii) the returns realized
from competing crops during the previous season. A significant area under jute competes with paddy
during the same season. Hence, year to year fluctuations in the prices of jute relative to the prices of
paddy would generally influence the relative allocation of land between the tw
standards for ‗safe‘ packaging in view of being a natural, renewable, biodegradable and eco-friendly
product. It is estimated that that the jute industry provides direct employment to 0.37 million workers
in organized mills and in diversified units including tertiary sector and allied activities and supports the
livelihood of around 4.0 million farm families. In addition there are a large number of persons engaged
in the trade of jute.
Jute, the golden fibre, meets all the standards for ‗safe‘ packaging in view of being a natural,
renewable, biodegradable and eco-friendly product. The principal varieties of jute in India are tossa
(Corchorus Olitorious) and white jute (Corchorus Capsularis). Though jute plant is known principally
for its versatile fibre, every part of the plant has its use. The tender leaves are cooked and consumed as
vegetables. The leaves which fall off the plant enrich the soil, about 1 MT of dry matter is put back
into the soil and about 3 MT of roots remain per acre of land. The stick which remains after jute fibre
is extracted is used as a domestic fuel and also as a cheap building material. The plant itself has a very
high carbon dioxide assimilation ability; in the 120 days of its growing period, an acre of jute absorbs
about 6 MT of carbon dioxide form atmosphere and releases 4.4 MT of oxygen; several times higher
than trees. Apart from the versatility of the jute plant, the plant compares very favourably in terms of
its ecological footprint when compared with synthetic packaging materials.
As on date, there are 94 composite jute mills out of which the state of West Bengal has 70 jute
mills with Andhra Pradesh having 10 mills, Uttar Pradesh 3 mills, Bihar 3 mills, Orissa 3 mills, Assam
2 mills, Chhattisgarh 2 mills and Tripura 1 Jute Mill. As on 31.08.2015, 26 mills are closed.
According to the closure notices issued by the managements, the principal reasons for the closure of
mills are labour indiscipline, absenteeism and trade unionism.
The total number of looms installed in jute industry stood at 51374 consisting of 17990 Hessian
looms, 28381 Sacking looms, 919 Carpet Backing Cloth (CBC) and others at 4084. The installed
spindles in jute mills other than 100 % export oriented units were 772058 comprising of 632914 fine
spindles & 139144 coarse spindles. The maximum installed capacity in jute mills other than 100 %
export oriented units (on the basis of 305 working days per year) is estimated to be 2789 thousand
tonnes per annum.
2. RAW JUTE SCENARIO
Raw jute crop is an important cash crop to the farmers. Cultivation of raw jute crop provides
not only fibre which has industrial use, but jute stick which is used as fuel and building material by the
farming community.
There is always significant fluctuation in the area under jute cultivation in India. The year to
year fluctuations arise out of three factors namely, (i) fluctuation in rainfall during the sowing season,
(ii) the average raw jute prices realized during the previous jute season, and (iii) the returns realized
from competing crops during the previous season. A significant area under jute competes with paddy
during the same season. Hence, year to year fluctuations in the prices of jute relative to the prices of
paddy would generally influence the relative allocation of land between the tw
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Answer:
Pattern of Development of Jute and Cotton Industry
Explanation:
Jute Industry:
The jute industry has been developed since 1856 because the raw material is easily available especially in the East region of India.
Many families of the North-Eastern region depends on this industry.
From booming to crisis and still struggling for having an image like past, Jute Industry is said to be dying industry. But it is found that different packaging materials are made up of Jute and still in high demand.
Cotton Industry:
Cotton Industry was first established in 1818 in Calcutta but it was a failure so, the next mill was started in 1854 at Bombay of Maharashtra followed by Ahmedabad of Gujarat State in 1861.
Cotton clothes are still in high demand due to the hot climate of India as well as being light in weight and wearing.
Explanation:
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