Compare the Genetic centre with computer
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Frederick Sanger, who died recently at the age of 95, won two Nobel prizes in chemistry for his methods for sequencing proteins and DNA. Proteins were of more direct interest to many people because many disease-causing mutations are observed as changes in proteins. But we can find the protein sequence from the DNA sequence, and it turned out to be faster too, eventually playing a part in the Human Genome Project.
Sanger was a chemist who wanted to understand biological polymers, so biology and chemistry are two strands leading to the success of the Human Genome Project. The third, newer, strand is computer science.
Alan Turing’s Automatic Computing Engine, the ACE, ran its first program in 1950, just three years before the landmark publication of the structure of DNA. In 1970, EF Codd published a data model that, although not obviously significant to biologists at the time, has proved to be critical to the organisation and management of large amounts of data. By the time Sanger’s DNA sequencing method was published, in 1977, computer scientists were ready to speed the way towards the announcement of the completion of the first draft of the human genome.