Compare the geographical requirements of the following crops:
a) Rice
b) Wheat
c) Jute
d) Cotton
e) Tea
f) Coffee
Answers
Answer:
(a) Rice grows best in areas of warm, humid climate; rice requires temperatures between 20°C and 35°C and a well-distributed rainfall of about 100 cm or irrigation facilities. Fertile soil, delta and valley soils are the most suitable.
(b) Wheat is the 2nd most important food crop of India. Wheat requires 14° to 18°C temperature. 50 cm to 100 cm rainfall is required for wheat cultivation. Fertile alluvial soil or mixed soil is ideal for wheat cultivation. Plain land or gentle slope is ideal for wheat cultivation.
(c) 25°C is ideal for jute cultivation. 150 cm to 200 cm rainfall is essential for jute cultivation. New alluvial or loamy soil or river basin is ideal for jute cultivation.
(d) Temperature must be between 20 to 30 degree centigrade. At least 210 days of frost free time.Rainfall during and after sowing season and warm/dry conditions after flowering time.Moderate rainfall between 50-75 cm.Black soil / Regur soil in the Deccan trap is best suitable for cotton cultivation.
(e) Tea requires a temperature ranging from 21°C to 29°C. Tea grows well in the regions which receive rainfall in between 150-200 cm. The soil should be well drained. However, stagnant water damages the tea crops.
(f) Coffee plantations require a temperature ranging between 25°C to 30°C. Rainfall should range between 150-200 cm. Coffee plants should be protected from direct sunlight. Hence many trees are planted in between the coffee crop to provide shade to the plant.
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