Compare the irrigation technology of present with the past i.e Persian wheel
Answers
Answer:
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Explanation:
The Persian wheel is a mechanical water lifting device operated usually by draught animals like bullocks, buffaloes or camels. It is used to lift water from water sources typically open wells. In Sanskrit the word Araghatta has been used in the ancient texts to describe the Persian Wheel. The ‘ara-ghatta’ comes from the combination of the words ‘ara’ meaning spoke and ‘ghatta’ meaning pot.
There is evidence to argue that this system of lifting water from open wells was probably invented in the India of the past. With its use also in Iran, the then Persia, and perhaps its discovery there, it came to be called the Persian wheel. The celebrated writer philosopher Ananda K Coomaraswamy in his monograph ‘The Persian Wheel’ argues that it is not justified to draw its origins to Persia as it finds mention in the Panchatantra (3rd Century BCE) and the Rajatarangini (12 th century CE) as the ‘cakka-vattakka’ or the ‘ghati yantra’.
The word ‘araghatta’ itself became to be called the rahat or reghat in North India, a name by which it is known even now. The Araghattikka or arahattiyanara describes the person or animal working the Araghatta and this description was extensively used in the twelfth century. Usually men, bullocks, elephants or camels did the job of moving in circles to lift water.
Noria or the Saqia?
The biggest confusion amongst authors and people is between the more common water wheel and the Persian wheel. The water wheel -the noria- is perhaps an Egyptian invention and is a stream or river based water lifting device. It even acts as a water mill at times. It is however powered by water and not by draught animals. It uses the strength of the water current to move and to translate that to a grinding action in the case of a mill and to lift it to greater heads in other cases.
The Persian wheel, also the saqia, is a land based water lifting device from wells, more in the nature of a pump. In fact in parts of Kolar in Karnataka, India it is called a ‘bucket pump’. It does not use water power but draught animal power to lift water from open wells. Joseph Needham, in Science and Civilisation in China, Vol. IV(2), gave a clear definition of the two forms, the noria having the containers fixed to the rim of the wheel, and the saqiya on the rope or chain flung over the wheel (p. 356).
Lifting height, operation and efficiency
The Persian wheel usually operates to a maximum depth of 20 metres beyond which the weight of the pots becomes too much for the oxen to lift.
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