Chemistry, asked by dhiraj2201, 1 year ago

Compare the model of atom by Thomson , Rutherford and Bohr

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Answered by cprincy2018
2

Thomson proposed that: an atom consists of a positively charged sphere and the electrons are

embedded in it.The negative and positive charges are equal in magnitude. So, the atom as a whole is electrically neutral.Thomson's model of the atom fails to explain Rutherford's  α-particle scattering experiment in which most of the fast moving α-particles passed straight through the gold foil.Only Some of the α-particles were deflected by the foil by small angles.Which clearly established atom has a lot of empty space and positive charge is concentrated in a very small volume within the atom.

Rutherford's nuclear model of an atom , an atom has a very small sized nucleus with positive charge   inside and has  electrons revolving around this nucleus in well-defined orbits. Nearly all

the mass of an atom resides in the nucleus.

Rutherford's model of the atom failed to explain the the stability of the atom.  As any particle in a

circular orbit would undergo acceleration. During acceleration, revolving electron as charged particles would lose energy and finally fall into the nucleus. This may lead to a collapsed atomic structure, resulting in  very unstable atoms.Contrarily  atoms are mostly stable.

Neils Bohr put forward the following postulates about the model of an atom:

(i) Only certain special orbits known as discrete orbits of electrons, are allowed inside the atom.

(ii) While revolving in discrete orbits the electrons do not radiate energy.

These orbits or shells are called energy levels.These orbits or shells are represented by the letters K,L,M,N,… or the numbers, n=1,2,3,4,…

THOMSON'S Model of An Atom RUTHERFORD'S Model of An Atom BOHR' S Model of An Atom

THOMSON'S Model(i) An atom consists of a positively charged sphere and the electrons are embedded in it.

(ii) The negative and positive charges are equal in magnitude. So, the atom as a  whole is electrically neutral.

Rutherfor (i) There is a positively charged centre in an atom called the nucleus. Nearly all the mass of an   atom resides in the nucleus.

(ii) The electrons revolve around the nucleus in well-defined orbits.

(iii) The size of the nucleus is very small as compared to the size of the atom.

BOHR' S Model(i) Only certain special orbits known as discrete orbits of electrons, are allowed inside the atom.

(ii) While revolving in discrete orbits the electrons do not radiate energy.

Answered by sushilkumardas
2

Secondary SchoolChemistry 5+3 pts

Compare the model of atom by Thomson , Rutherford and Bohr

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sushilkumardas

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Cprincy2018 Ambitious

Thomson proposed that: an atom consists of a positively charged sphere and the electrons are

embedded in it.The negative and positive charges are equal in magnitude. So, the atom as a whole is electrically neutral.Thomson's model of the atom fails to explain Rutherford's α-particle scattering experiment in which most of the fast moving α-particles passed straight through the gold foil.Only Some of the α-particles were deflected by the foil by small angles.Which clearly established atom has a lot of empty space and positive charge is concentrated in a very small volume within the atom.

Rutherford's nuclear model of an atom , an atom has a very small sized nucleus with positive charge inside and has electrons revolving around this nucleus in well-defined orbits. Nearly all

the mass of an atom resides in the nucleus.

Rutherford's model of the atom failed to explain the the stability of the atom. As any particle in a

circular orbit would undergo acceleration. During acceleration, revolving electron as charged particles would lose energy and finally fall into the nucleus. This may lead to a collapsed atomic structure, resulting in very unstable atoms.Contrarily atoms are mostly stable.

Neils Bohr put forward the following postulates about the model of an atom:

(i) Only certain special orbits known as discrete orbits of electrons, are allowed inside the atom.

(ii) While revolving in discrete orbits the electrons do not radiate energy.

These orbits or shells are called energy levels.These orbits or shells are represented by the letters K,L,M,N,… or the numbers, n=1,2,3,4,…

THOMSON'S Model of An Atom RUTHERFORD'S Model of An Atom BOHR' S Model of An Atom

THOMSON'S Model(i) An atom consists of a positively charged sphere and the electrons are embedded in it.

(ii) The negative and positive charges are equal in magnitude. So, the atom as a whole is electrically neutral.

Rutherfor (i) There is a positively charged centre in an atom called the nucleus. Nearly all the mass of an atom resides in the nucleus.

(ii) The electrons revolve around the nucleus in well-defined orbits.

(iii) The size of the nucleus is very small as compared to the size of the atom.

BOHR' S Model(i) Only certain special orbits known as discrete orbits of electrons, are allowed inside the atom.

(ii) While revolving in discrete orbits the electrons do not radiate energy.

I hope this will be helpful to you

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