Compare the rate of evaporation of liquids on the basis of nature of liquid
Answers
RATE OF EVAPORATION OF LIQUIDS ON THE BASIS OF NATURE OF LIQUIDS:
1
. Concentration of the substance evaporating in the air
. If the air Already has a high concentration of the substance evaporating, then the givensubstance will evaporate more slowly.2.
Concentration of other substances in the air
. If the air is alreadysaturated with other substances, it can have a lower capacity forth substanceevaporating.
3. Temperature of the substance. If the substance is hotter, then evaporation willbe faster.4.
Flow rate of air
. This is in part related to the concentration points above. If fresh air is moving over the substance all the time, then the concentration of thesubstance in the air is less likely to go up with time, thus encouraging fasterevaporation. In addition, molecules in motion have more energy than those at rest,and so the stronger the flow of air, the greater the evaporating power of the airmolecules.
5.
Inter-molecular forces
. The stronger the forces keeping the moleculestogether in the liquid or solid state the more energy that must be input in order toevaporate them.
6. Surface area and temperature
.
The rate of evaporation of liquids variesdirectly with temperature. With the increase in the temperature, fraction of molecules having sufficient kinetic energy to escape out from the surface alsoincreases. Thus with the increase in temperature rate of evaporation alsoincreases.Molecules that escape the surface of the liquids constitute the evaporation.Therefore larger surface area contributes accelerating evaporation.
6. Nature of Liquids.
The magnitude of inter-molecular forces of attraction inliquid determines the speed of evaporation. Weaker the inter-molecular forces of attraction larger are the extent of evaporation. In diethyl ether rate of evaporationis greater than that of ethyl alcohol.
7. Composition of Environment.
The rate of evaporation of liquids dependsupon the flow of air currents above the surface of the liquid. Air current flowingover the surface of the liquid took away the molecules of the substance in vapourstate thereby preventing condensation
.
8. Density.
The higher the density, the slower a liquid evaporates. In the US, the
National Weather Service measures the actual rate of evaporation from astandardized "pan" open water surface outdoors, at various locations nationwide.Others do likewise around the world. The US data is collected and compiled intoan annual evaporation map. The measurements range from under 30 to overthe120 inches (3,000 mm) per year.
9. Pressure
. In an area of less pressure, evaporation happens faster because there is less exertion on the surface keeping the molecules from launching themselves .
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