Compare the situation of Belgium and Sri Lanka considering their location, size and cultural aspects.
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1. Sri Lanka is a neighboring country of India in Asia. Belgium is a small country in Europe.
2. The population of Sri Lanka consists of 74% of Sinhalese and 18% of Tamils. The ethnic composition of Belgium is 59% of the Dutch living in the Flemish region and 40% French living in the Wallonia region. One Percent consists of the Germans.
3. The majority community ruled over Sri Lanka according to its own wishes with complete disregard of the needs of the minority. This was done by the act of 1956. All the major University positions were to be reserved for Sinhalese and the official language and religion of Sinhalese was to be promoted. This led to the Civil war in the country.
3. The minority in Belgium was of Dutch. They received the economic benefits very late as compared to the French who were in the majority. These created problems but the leaders reached an arrangement after amending the constitution four times which led to the elimination of civil war. They created central, state, community and capital government.
OR
1. The idea of power-sharing emerged in opposition to the idea that all the power should remain concentrated in the hands of one or few so that decisions can be taken quickly.
2. This idea changed with the coming of democracy. It was considered better to share power with as many people as possible to prevent its misuse.
3. Horizontal division of power is shared among the different organs of the government like legislator, executive, and judiciary.
4. Vertical division of power is shared among the government at different levels of the government- general government for the entire country and government at the regional level.
5. The distribution of power is also existing among different social groups such as the religious and linguistic groups.
6. Power is also distributed among different political parties compression and movements.
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Answer:
Both Belgium and Sri Lanka are democracies, yet they have dealt with the problem of regional and linguistic diversity very differently.
In Belgium:
1. The leaders recognised the existence of regional differences and cultural diversities.
2. Between 1970 and 1993, they amended their constitution four times so as to work out an arrangement that would enable everyone to live together within the same country.
3. Dutch and French communities have equal representation in the Central government; many of the powers of the central government have been given to the state governments.
4. In addition to these, both language communities have the third kind of Government called Community Government which has power regarding cultural, educational and language-related issues.
Whereas, in Sri Lanka:
1. The democratically elected government adopted a series of majoritarian measures to establish Sinhala supremacy.
2. In 1956, an Act was passed to recognize Sinhala as the only official language, thus disregarding Tamil.
3. The Governments followed preferential policies that favoured Sinhala applicants for university positions and government jobs.
4. A new constitution stipulated that the state shall protect and foster Buddhism.