Comparison of working of democracy in India and USA with reference to the recently concluded Elections
Steps to follow
a.Differences in campaigning
Answers
Answer:
The Republic of India and the United States of America are just two examples of functioning democracies around the world. This form of government has been in place in the United States since 1789 but has been a relatively recent phenomenon in the Indian system of governance. Democracy is an inclusive form of government, which lets people decide who comes into power by voting for candidates in elections. This, in turn, decides what sort of policies will see a large-scale implementation in the near future.
With populations as high as 32.57 crores (USA) as of 2017 and 132.42 crores in India, as per 2016 data, it would be quite a task to assimilate everyone’s opinion in the mandate and find a middle ground. To ensure that the formation of the government is smooth and caters to the will of the majority of the population, democratic countries periodically hold free and fair elections.
While the principle underlying such elections is similar, there exists a large number of differences between how elections are held in the US and in India. In fact, there are actually very few commonalities between the organization of the government in the countries. Elections in the USA are therefore not quite the same as elections in India. Read on to find out how they are different.
DIFFERENCE IN POLITICAL PARTIES
The most important aspect of the difference between electoral process in India and USA comes from the nature of their party systems. It is common knowledge that there are two dominant parties in the USA political scene, viz. The Democratic Party and the Republican Party. They have strong differences in ideologies, which is the main source of conflict and debate during elections. Although the Libertarian Party, Green Party, and other smaller parties exist, they are considered to be independent entities as they are outliers and cannot quite compete with the two major ones.
India, however, has many parties that operate on the state level and only a few that successfully operate on the national level. The two largest parties are the Indian National Congress and the Bharatiya Janata Party. Once more, their ideologies differ to a huge extent, presenting voters with an option during the elections
Regional parties, however, supply many deserving candidates. There are many states where the regional party is king; two big national parties have had to form alliances with such parties in order to retain the majority and the favor of the people. For example, states like Tamil Nadu and West Bengal have regional parties with a strong presence, such as AIADMK and Trinamool Congress respectively. Here, INC and BJP cannot claim to have any reach. However, the regional parties seldom have a clear-cut ideology on their manifesto and have dynamic policies which are based on the needs and responses of the people of their state.
DIFFERENCE IN VOTING SYSTEMS OF INDIA AND USA
The government of India allows voting via Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) on the day of polling. You can also get a proxy to vote for you if you are overseas and unable to vote. The Election Commission of India has opened up to the possibility of e-ballots for overseas electors, but this method is not too widely used as of now.
The voting system in the United States, however, is quite flexible in comparison, with multiple methods being approved to let you cast your vote. For example, a voter can go up to a polling booth and cast vote, have absentee voting through the mail, as well as early voting. However, scanning and vote counting are pretty much the same in the USA and India.
DIFFERENCE IN VOTER TURNOUT
India’s voter turnout of 66.38% in the recently concluded elections bests the USA’s 61.4%. In India's last election (2014), 551 million voters cast their ballot! It is important to note that the voter pool in the USA mainly consists of people above the age of 65. They vote 25% more than their younger generation does, i.e. the 18-24-year-old population.
In light of these numbers, we can definitely say that despite difference between US election & Indian election, both countries have a lot to learn from each other to make their elections more inclusive, successful, and transparent. The United States has a long way to go in engaging its youth to participate in political matters. India, on the other hand, has to work harder on the accessibility of voting.
Voting is an integral process in a democratic government, and without it, a nation's government would be less likely to be truly representative of its citizens' choices. Citizens must participate in their elections to see their country run the way they want it. So, register for your Voter ID today and never miss an election polling day!
Answer:
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