Question

comparitive study of harappan and Mesopotamian civilization​

Answer 1

Answer:

Mesopotamian civilization is mostly located in Iraq. It forms a crescent

shape and so is called “the fertile crescent”. Mesopotamia encompasses the land between the Euphrates and Tigris rivers, both of which have

their headwaters in the Armenian Highlands. Both rivers are fed by numerous

tributaries, and the entire river system drains a vast mountainous region.

Overland routes in Mesopotamia usually follow the Euphrates because the banks

of the Tigris are frequently steep and difficult. The climate of the region is

semi-arid with a vast desert expanse in the north which gives way to a 15,000

square kilometres (5,800 sq mi) region of marshes, lagoons, mud

flats, and reed banks in the south. In the extreme south, the Euphrates and the

Tigris unite and empty into the Persian Gulf. There were three major problems of the geography

which are unpredictable floods/dry summers, no natural barriers for protection

as the small villages were in the open plains which were defenceless, &

lastly there were limited natural resources like metal, wood and stone. But for

this they found a excellent solution which is building of irrigation ditches,

city walls with mud bricks, and trade of resources which couldn’t be found

there respectively.

 

The Indus Valley

Civilization encompassed most of Pakistan and parts of south-western India, and

Afghanistan, extending from Pakistani Baluchistan in the west to Uttar Pradesh in the east, north-eastern

Afghanistan to the north and Maharashtra to the south. It had rich

agricultural lands which were surrounded by highlands, desert, and ocean. The

climate was pleasant and cool; also it was ideal for farming due to the monsoon

rains.