Question

Competitive inhibition vs noncompetitive inhibition

Answer 1

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Answer 2

Answer:

Competitive Inhibition :

 When the inhibitor closely resembles the substrate in its molecular structure and inhibits activity of enzyme, it is called competitive inhibitor.

 Due to its close structural similarity with substrate for active site of enzyme.

 Consequently, substrate cannot bind and enzyme action declines.

 Example: Inhibition of succinic dehydrogenase (Kreb’s cycle) by malonate.

Note:

 Competitive inhibition is a reversible inhibition as it can be overcome by increasing the concentration of substrate.

 Competitive inhibition is used in control of bacterial pathogens . Example: Sulpha drugs inhibit synthesis of folic acid in bacteria by competing with its precursor (p - amino benzoic acid; PABA). Preformed folic acid is obtained by animal cells. Therefore sulpha drugs do not harm them.

Non Competitive Inhibition is irreversible inhibition of enzyme activity by a substance that has no structural similarity with substrate. Thus the chemical does not compete with substrate for active site. Example: Cyanide kills animal by inhibiting enzyme Cytochrome oxidase of Electron Transport Chain (ETS) and therefore inhibits synthesis of ATP.  

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