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Q3B (1.) Valency is the combining power of an element. Elements in the same group of the periodic table have the same valency. The valency of an element is related to how many electrons are in the outer shell.
(2.) Inertia is the tendency of an object to remain at rest or remain in motion. Inertia is related to an object's mass.
Q3C (1.) Air Pollution
Water Pollution
(2.) Helium
Neon
Q3D (2.) Total Potential Difference (PD) = 2V+2V+2V=6V
Q4A (1.) Pollution refers to the release of chemical or substances into the environment that is injurious for human, animal and plant life.
Pollutants which are visible to our naked eyes are called visible pollutants. For example, sewage, plant and animal wastes, pesticides, plastic, sand etc.
(2.) A common dry-cell battery is the zinc-carbon battery, which uses a cell that is sometimes called the Leclanché cell. The cell is made up of an outer zinc container, which acts as the anode. The cathode is a central carbon rod, surrounded by a mixture of carbon and manganese(IV) dioxide (MnO2). (Refer to photo also)
(3.) Noble metals are used in jewellery, electrical appliances, making protective coatings and as catalysts for different reactions. Some of the noble metals are ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, gold, iridium and rhenium.
(4.) Bohr’s model of the hydrogen atom is based on three postulates:-
(1) an electron moves around the nucleus in a circular orbit.
(2) an electron’s angular momentum in the orbit is quantized, and
(3) the change in an electron’s energy as it makes a quantum jump from one orbit to another is always accompanied by the emission or absorption of a photon.
Q4B (1.) •Metal + Nonmetal —> ionic compound (usually)
•Metal + Polyatomic ion —> ionic compound (usually)
•Nonmetal + Nonmetal —> covalent compound (usually)
(2.) Proteins and Petrol.
Explanation:
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