Question

Complete the following reactions :
C6H5CHO
NaCN+HCL———>
(ii) (C6H5-CH2)2Cd + 2CH3COCI ———>
(iii) CH-CH-COOH+Br2+
H2O+ Red P

Answer 1

Answer: (i) C₆H₅CHO + NaCN + HCl → C₆H₅CH(OH)CN

(ii) (C₆H₅-CH2)2Cd + 2CH₃COCI → 2C₆H₅CH₂CH₃ + CdCl₂

(iii) CH-CH-COOH + Br₂ + H₂O + Red P → CH₂BrCHBrCOOH + H₃PO₄

Explaination:

In this reaction, benzaldehyde (C₆H₅CHO) is treated with sodium cyanide (NaCN) in the presence of hydrochloric acid (HCl). The reaction leads to the formation of a cyanohydrin compound, C₆H5CH(OH)CN. This is an example of a nucleophilic addition reaction, where the cyanide ion (CN⁻) acts as a nucleophile and attacks the carbonyl group of the benzaldehyde.

(ii) (C₆H₅-CH₂)2Cd + 2CH₃COCI → 2C₆H₅CH₂CH₃+ CdCl₂

In this reaction, a Grignard reagent is reacted with an alkyl halide to give a new carbon-carbon bond. Specifically, benzyl magnesium chloride {(C₆H₅-CH₂)MgCl} is reacted with methyl chloride (CH₃Cl) to give toluene (C₆H₅CH₃) and cadmium chloride (CdCl₂). The reaction is initiated by the formation of the Grignard reagent, which is a strong nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbon of the alkyl halide.

(iii) CH-CH-COOH + Br₂+ H₂O + Red P → CH₂BrCHBrCOOH + H₃PO₄

In this reaction, the alkene crotonic acid (CH-CH-COOH) is treated with bromine (Br₂) in the presence of water (H₂O) and red phosphorus (Red P). The reaction leads to the formation of 2,3-dibromobutyric acid (CH₂BrCHBrCOOH). This is an example of a halogenation reaction, where the bromine adds across the double bond of the alkene to form a vicinal dibromide.

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