complete the table main crops and inter crops
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Nomenclature
Multicropping is probably the oldest form of agriculture and is still widespread, particularly in tropical and low-input production systems. In principle, sequential cropping, where a second crop is grown after the harvest of a first crop, is a simple form of multicropping. However, most multicrops involve the cultivation of two or more species on the same piece of land where the growth cycles of different species overlap for at least part of their duration. Such multicrops may take the form of intercrops, where growth and yield are confined to a single growing season, or agroforestry, where a perennial component, e.g., trees or shrubs, occupies some of the land over a series of growing seasons. Table 1 describes various types of cropping system ranging from the simplicity and uniformity of monocrops, where similar plants grow alongside each other simultaneously and sequentially from one season to the next, through to the multiplicity and heterogeneity of agroforestry systems where diverse plant types coexist within and between seasons. These complex systems may include dual canopy crops where high-value plantation crops such as oil palm (Elaeis guineensis), coconut (Cocos nucifera), cocoa (Theobroma cacoa), or rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) are interplanted with annual species. Here, a lower, shorter-duration crop complements the upper canopy of the plantation species. Alternatively, they may be multipurpose home gardens containing a woody component alongside vegetables, staples, and fruits.
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