Question

Composition of blood in renal arteriole and renal vein

Answer 1

Compare the composition of blood in the renal artery and renal vein, and compare the composition of the glomerular filtrate and urine.
Renal Artery – Large molecules, More Toxins, Oxygenated, More Salt/Ions, More H2O, Less CO2, More Nutrients, Supplies Kidneys with O2.

Answer 2

Having seen a few basic answers, I'll go into the specifics regarding fine anatomical differences between the Renal artery and vein.

The right Renal artery is longer than the right Renal vein, but the left Renal artery is shorter than the left Renal vein. This is due to the position of the Inferior Vena Cava and the Abdominal Aorta. It is a small difference but it might be important in the context of Kidney donation for transplant.

The left Renal vein also drains the Gonadal vein (either testicular or ovarian) and the Adrenal vein, in addition to the kidney. The right Renal vein usually only drains the kidney. The right gonadal and adrenal veins tend to drain directly into the Inferior Vena cava.

On both sides, the Renal artery only provides blood to the kidneys, with the gonadal and adrenal veins typically coming off the Abdominal Aorta directly.