concentrated Sulphuric acid can be used in the laboratory to produce hydrogen chloride gas by the reaction with soild sodium chloride. 1. Hydrogen rodide is not produced by the game method as for hydrogen Chiorde? Why? 11. What U the difference between hydrogen chloride Jos and hydw chloric acid ? ii. "How could you identify the bottle containing Hes using ammonia gas?
Answers
Answer:
Manufacture of Hydrogen Chloride
We produce Hydrogen Chloride in the laboratory by treating sodium chloride with concentrated sulphuric acid. We, then, heat this mixture up to 420K.
420K
NaCl + H2SO4 → NaHSO4 + HCl
We get Sodium bisulphate as a by-product which is insoluble. Therefore, we further mix it with more sodium chloride. This mixture has to be further warmed to a higher temperature of around 823K. It gives dissolvable sodium sulfate and HCl gas.
823K
NaHSO4 + NaCl → Na2SO4 + HCl
We dry this HCl by treating it with concentrated sulphuric acid. HCl is not dried over phosphorus pentoxide or brisk lime. This is because it reacts with both of these compounds.
hydrogen chloride
Properties of Hydrogen Chloride
Hydrogen Chloride is a vapid gas. It has a very sharp and pungent odour.
It can melt to a colourless fluid at 189K. HCl forms a white solid at 159K upon freezing.
It is very soluble in water. An aqueous solution of Hydrogen Chloride is what we know as the hydrochloric acid.
Hydrochloric acid has a higher dissociation constant and is, therefore, a strong acid.
It reacts with metals and salts to give various chlorides. For example, it reacts with zinc to form zinc chloride.
Hydrochloric acid reacts with iron to form ferrous chloride.
Fe + 2HCl → FeCl2 + H2
Browse more Topics under The P Block Elements
Introduction to p Block Elements
Some Important Compounds of Carbon and Silicon
Trend and Anomalous Properties of Carbon
Trends and Properties of Boron and Aluminium
Ammonia
Chlorine
Dinitrogen
Dioxygen
Group 13 Elements: Boron Family
Group 14 Elements: Carbon Family
Group 15 Elements
Group 16 Elements
Group 17 Elements
Group 18 Elements
Interhalogen Compounds
Nitric Acid and Oxides of Nitrogen
Oxoacids of Halogens
Oxoacids of Phosphorus
Oxoacids of Sulphur
Ozone
Phosphine
Phosphorus – Allotropic Forms
Phosphorus Halides
Simple Oxides
Sulphur – Allotropic Forms
Sulphuric Acid
Sulphuric Dioxide
Some Important Reactions of HCl
Noble metals react with a mixture of nitric acid and hydrochloric acid in the proportion of 1:3. This arrangement what we call aquaregia.
Hydrochloric acid reacts with the salts of weaker acids. Some of them include sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate etc.
Hydrochloric acid also reacts with sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate and forms sodium chloride, carbon dioxide, and water.
It also breaks down sodium sulphate to sodium chloride, sulfur dioxide, and water.
Reaction with Sodium Carbonate:
Na2CO3 + 2HCl → 2NaCl + CO2↑ + H2O
Reaction with Sodium Bicarbonate:
NaHCO3 + HCl → NaCl + CO2↑ + H2O
Reaction with Sodium Sulphate:
Na2SO3 + 2HCl → 2NaCl + SO2↑ + H2O
Solved Example for You
Q: Give some uses of Hydrochloric acid.
Ans: The uses of the Hydrochloric acid include:
We use hydrochloric acid in the process of fabrication of chlorine, and chlorides like ammonium chloride. It is also a common ingredient in the fabrication of glucose from corn starch.
We also use hydrochloric acid as a research facility reagent and in medicines.
We use a saturated arrangement of zinc chloride in dilute hydrochloric acid in removing the contaminations on a metal surface prior to welding or electroplating.