Concept of free energy and its determination
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Free energy has the dimensions of energy, and its value is determined by the state of the system and not by its history. It is used to determine how systems change and how much work they can produce. It is expressed in two forms: the Helmholtz free energy F, also known as the work function, and the Gibbs free energy G. If U is the internal energy of a system, PV the pressure-volume product, and TS the temperature-entropy product (T being the temperature above absolute zero), then F = U − TS and G = U + PV − TS. The latter equation can also be written in the form G = H – TS, where H = U + PV is the enthalpy. Free energy is an extensive property, meaning that its magnitude depends on the amount of a substance in a given thermodynamic state.
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