Question

conclusion of a valid deductive argument is always certain. Explain

Answer 1

Answer:

An argument is valid if the truth of all its premises forces the conclusion to be true. An argument is valid if it would be inconsistent for all its premises to be true and its conclusionto be false. An argument is valid if itsconclusion follows with certainty from its premises.

Answer 2

Answer:

Validity is the attribute of deductive arguments that denotes logical strength. Validity is about the strength of the inference, or reasoning, between the premises and the conclusion. A deductive argument is valid when you have the following:

If all its premises were true, then its conclusion must be true, by necessity.

To determine if an argument is valid or invalid (not valid):

First assume that the premises are true, even if they are not; pretend that they are true.

Then ask yourself whether the conclusion would need to be true, assuming/pretending that the premises are true.

Here is an example:

Premise 1: All dogs are snakes.

Premise 2: All snakes are birds.

Conclusion: All dogs are birds.